Przegla̧d epidemiologiczny
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Historical Article
[Department of epidemiology of the National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw in the years 1951-2011--origins of forming, developmental ways in 60 years of work].
The paper discussed the origins of forming in 1951 the Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene in Poland and its subsequent tasks. Relating to the evolving tasks, changes in the organizational structure, professional profile of the staff, main professional challenges and scientific achievements are described in 10 years cycles. Successive chapters address: scientific careers of the Department staff and contribution to scientific development of the whole institute among others; teaching and training, mainly targeted at the epidemiological service staff in Poland; editorial and publishing activities.
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Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the latest discovered viruses. It has been classified to Paramyxoviridae family. It is the second viral etiological agent, after RSV, which causes respiratory tract infections (RTI) in children, especially children below 5 years old. It is estimated that 5-25% of RTI in children is due to hMPV. In adults hMPV reinfections are bounded to upper respiratory tract infections. The aim of the study was to establish usefulness of ELISA test in detecting hMPV antigen and to analyze hMPV infection in connection to clinical diagnosis. ⋯ We found hMPV infection as the significant agent ofpneumonia not only in children but also in adults. ELISA hMPV antigen test can be used in diagnosis of etiological agent of respiratory infections in children and adults and in coinfections as well.
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The major causes of deaths among preschool children are injuries and poisoning. Among the injuries, the most frequent are road accidents and accidents on farms. We may also find health and life risks to preschoolers in homes and education centres. ⋯ The research took place in January and February 2011 with the use of questionnaires prepared in-house The analysis of the results indicated that most teachers (84% of respondents) had participated in the first-aid training courses. The teachers with job seniority below 10 years and those between 11 and 20 years' seniority took part more often in the first-aid training courses than the respondents with seniority above 20 years (p=0,02). Respondents, in most cases, assessed their knowledge of first aid at grade 3 (in a continuum from 1 to 5) (42% of respondents)--the average grade was 2.98 +/- 0.97.
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Rickettsia slovaca was recognized as the causative agent of the disease named tick - borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) or Dermacentor spp.- borne necrosis - erythema lymphadenopathy (DEBONEL). Generally, this ricketsiosis is considered a mild disease but the disease is considered a mild rickettsiosis, but severe symptoms can appeare, especially in untreated patients. ⋯ Milium on the scalp behind the ear concha, was a probably scar formation associated with typical eschar. The diagnosis was confirmed by detection of 128 titer in MIF tests with R. rickettsii and R. slovaca antigens and four-fold decrease after treatment.
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In 2009, as compared with the previous year, was the rise in cases of syphilis by 36%, gonorrhea by 35%, for genital warts by 41%. Congenital syphilis was diagnosed in 13 children, and syphilis in pregnancy or childbirth were found in 69 women. Still the number of screening serological tests for syphilis decreases, resulting in reduced detection of asymptomatic cases of the disease.