Przegla̧d epidemiologiczny
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Historical Article
[National Institute of Hygiene--as I saw it before nearly half-century ago].
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Analysis of clinical picture in children hospitalized because of suspicion of neuroborreliosis and evaluation of usefulness of testing serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for specific antibodies. ⋯ Meningitis in the course of neuroborreliosis is not always accompanied by meningeal signs. Positive serology is not an unequivocal confirmation of neuroborreliosis especially if symptoms are nonspecific (e.g. headache).
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Measles is still one of the leading causes of children mortality, despite of availability of a cheap, effective and safe vaccine for more than 40 years. Effective global eradication of smallpox and the success of polio eradication have provided an incentive to achieve the measles eradication all over the world. Elimination is achieved when no endemic measles cases has been observed in given area. ⋯ The National Laboratory in Poland is based at the Department of Virology in National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw. Following the implementation of 2-dose measles vaccine schedule the epidemiologic situation of measles has improved. In 2006 results of genotyping indicate that recent outbreaks were caused by local strains of the virus (D4 and D5).
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At present, the only reasonable action which reduces the case fatality rate at patients with severe sepsis and septic shock is the early diagnosis of infection which allows to introduce effective therapy. Although sepsis is a typical clinical syndrome recognized in connection with infection, it should be remembered that infection does not reveal itself in each case. ⋯ In view of few characteristic, especially in the initial phase of sepsis, clinical symptoms, laboratory investigations describing the present state of immune response of organism find a huge application. In our work we made an attempt to bring closer the latest markers of inflammatory reaction and infection such as acute phase proteins procalcytonin (PCT), proANP and lipopolisacharyde binding protein (LBP).
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The paper presents contemporary definitions and guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock in neonates. We discuss main directions of hemodynamic resuscitation, antibacterial and supportive treatment. Pathophysiological differences of septic shock in this group of patients were described.