Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de thérapie
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Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther · May 1980
Clonidine on the pressor response to raised intracranial pressure.
We attemptedto clarify the mechanism of the pressor response to raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in urethane-anesthetized rabbits. Intraventricular clonidine inhibited the pressor response to raised ICP, and intraventricular phentolamine antagonized the inhibitory effect of clonidine on the pressor response. ⋯ Intraventricular clonidine inhibited the pressor response that could be observed in the reserpine-treated rabbits following the intraventricular norepinephrine. These results suggest that the central sympathetic neurons play an important role in producing the pressor response to raised ICP.
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Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther · Jan 1978
Antiarrhythmic, electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of lorcainide.
Lorcainide hydrochloride or N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[1-(1-methyl-ethyl)-4-piperidinyl]benzeneacetamide mono-hydrochloride (R 15889) is a new anti-arrhythmic drug. Studies in dogs show that lorcainide is effective against post-infarction and ouabain-induced ventricular arrhythmias, and abolishes acetylcholine and aconitine-induced atrial fibrillation; it elevates the threshold of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation. In isolated dog and cow Purkinje fibers, in dog ventricular and in guinea-pig auricular muscle preparations, lorcainide decreases the rate of rise of the transmembrane action potential, the conduction velocity and spontaneous activity. ⋯ Intravenous injection induces transient peripheral vasodilatation. Lorcainide is an antiarrhythmic of the local anaesthetic type. It is characterized by a good oral absorption, a long duration of action and a large safety factor.
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Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther · Dec 1977
Clinical experience with lorcainide (R 15 889), a new anti-arrhythmic drug.
The anti-arrhythmic properties of a new drug, lorcainide, have been evaluated. Lorcainide is highly efficient for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, especially ventricular extrasystoles and recurrent ventricular tachycardia. It is also efficient in the treatment of supraventricular extrasystoles and repetitive auricular tachycardia. ⋯ The drug also has effective anti-arrhythmic properties when administered orally. It has a small negative inotropic effect which was not clinically relevant in the patient group studied. Side effects were within acceptable limits and essentially consist of dizziness, tremor and blurring of vision, occurring only during rapid i.v. injection and depending upon the speed of injection.
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Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther · Dec 1976
The local anesthetic activity of saxitoxin alone and with vasoconstrictor and local anesthetic agents.
STX (saxitoxin), alone and with various vasoconstrictor and local anesthetic agents, was evaluated for its ability to produce topical anesthesia on the rabbit cornea, peripheral nerve block in the rat, and epidural anesthesia in the dog. High frequency and long duration of block can be attained if sufficiently high concentrations of STX are used, although latency is long and the doses used may produce systemic toxicity. ⋯ Conventional local anesthetic agents also enhance the nerve blocking activity of STX. When appropriate concentrations of STX, vasoconstrictor and local anesthetic agents are used, systemic toxic effects are not manifested and the blocks produced exhibit the rapid onset and high frequency of block characteristic of the local anesthetic agent and the remarkably long duration of STX.
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Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther · Aug 1976
Influence of adrenaline, dibenamine and dopamine on acidosis, hemoconcentration and lethality in protracted anaphylactic shock of guinea-pigs.
Protracted anaphylactic shock of guinea-pigs was accompanied by a marked decrease in blood pH, and an increase in hematocrit. Death ensued in 58.3% of the animals within 3 hr of observation. Infusion of adrenaline (20 mug/kg/min), after eliciting anaphylaxis, intensified the acidosis, and increased the lethality to 100%. ⋯ Dopamine, infused in amounts of 200 mug/kg/min, acted similarly to the combination dibenamine/adrenaline. Hemoconcentration was neither prevented nor intensified by adrenaline. Dopamine, however, reduced significantly the anaphylactic increase in hematocrit.