Clinical orthopaedics and related research
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Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is a complex syndrome of pain, trophic changes, and vasomotor instability secondary to an abnormal hyperactive state of the sympathetic nervous system following injury to an extremity. Numerous theories have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology. ⋯ A delay in diagnosis and/or treatment for this syndrome can result in severe physical and psychological problems. Early recognition and prompt treatment, i.e., sympathetic blockade and physical therapy, provide the greatest opportunity for a successful outcome.