Clinical orthopaedics and related research
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Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. · Mar 1999
ReviewBone repair techniques, bone graft, and bone graft substitutes.
This paper reviews the techniques and materials (bone graft and bone graft substitutes) that currently are used to treat nonunions and bone defects. The techniques reviewed are intramedullary nailing, plating, distraction osteogenesis, and electric stimulation. ⋯ Techniques and management strategies constantly are evolving to accomplish this goal. This paper reviews the history, indications, and limitations of bone repair techniques, methods of bone grafting, and materials available as bone graft substitutes.
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Loss of heel pad elasticity has been suggested as one of the possible explanations of plantar heel pain. This hypothesis is evaluated by this blinded observer prospective study, using an age and weight matched control population. ⋯ In patients with unilateral heel pain, heel pad thickness and heel pad compressibility index on the painful side were not significantly different from the opposite painless side. The contribution of the heel pad elasticity measured as a visual compressibility index for plantar heel pain is a matter of debate.