Journal of neurology
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Journal of neurology · May 2021
ReviewArtificial intelligence as an emerging technology in the current care of neurological disorders.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has influenced all aspects of human life and neurology is no exception to this growing trend. The aim of this paper is to guide medical practitioners on the relevant aspects of artificial intelligence, i.e., machine learning, and deep learning, to review the development of technological advancement equipped with AI, and to elucidate how machine learning can revolutionize the management of neurological diseases. This review focuses on unsupervised aspects of machine learning, and how these aspects could be applied to precision neurology to improve patient outcomes. We have mentioned various forms of available AI, prior research, outcomes, benefits and limitations of AI, effective accessibility and future of AI, keeping the current burden of neurological disorders in mind. ⋯ AI not only helps to analyze medical data in disease prevention, diagnosis, patient monitoring, and development of new protocols, but can also assist clinicians in dealing with voluminous data in a more accurate and efficient manner.
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Journal of neurology · May 2021
ReviewCognitive assessment tools for mild cognitive impairment screening.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical condition with a high risk of progression to dementia. Due to lack of effective disease-modifying therapies for advanced dementia, diagnosis and disease intervention at an early stage, particularly at MCI stage, has been widely accepted as a critical strategy in disease management that could potentially affect long-term outcome. However, there is currently no consensus on guidelines for routine screening of MCI, resulting in a considerable number of patients with undiagnosed MCI from community. ⋯ A variety of screening tools have been utilized; however, the sensitivity and specificity vary greatly among these tools. By summarizing the sensitivity, specificity and time efficiency for common MCI screening tools, which are key factors to be taken into consideration when making selections and combinations of screening tools, this review suggests the use of a combination of two self-administered highly sensitive tools, p-AD8 + IQCODE (informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly individuals) in initial screening, as well as a combination of two highly specific widely covered tools, DemTect + MoCA (Montreal cognitive assessment) or memory and executive screening (MES) + MoCA in secondary screening. In addition, this review also proposes a screening flowchart for MCI, aiming to build a sensitive and time efficient way for recruiting subjects for subsequent investigation and disease differentiation.