The Urologic clinics of North America
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Urol. Clin. North Am. · Feb 1995
ReviewPostoperative pain management for pediatric urologic surgery.
The issues relating to postoperative pain management for pediatric urologic surgery have been discussed. Child development and the behavioral responses to pain have been reviewed, with emphasis on their relation to pain assessment in the pediatric patient. The benefits and limitations of various modalities for the treatment of postoperative pain have been reviewed, and their appropriate use for different urologic surgical procedures has been presented.
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Urol. Clin. North Am. · Feb 1995
ReviewThe management of urinary tract infections in children without urinary tract abnormalities.
Although most urinary tract infections in children with normal urinary tract anatomy pose little threat to renal function, pyelonephritis, particularly in infants, may cause renal scarring when not diagnosed and treated promptly. For most children, however, the problems of urinary tract infection may be related to a biologic predisposition to recurrent infections and the bothersome clinical symptoms associated with them. In these children, infections should be diagnosed carefully and then treated for 3 days with appropriate antimicrobial agents. ⋯ There may also be a decrease in the rate of urinary tract infections with this treatment. When covert bacteriuria is found and bothersome symptoms are associated with it, symptoms should be treated. If recurrent covert bacteriuria is truly asymptomatic, however, not treating the infection may be the best option.