Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine
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Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med · Feb 2016
Review Meta AnalysisEfficacy and safety of sedation with dexmedetomidine in critical care patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Dexmedetomidine may help physicians target a low level of sedation. Unfortunately, the impact of dexmedetomidine on major endpoints remains unclear in intensive care unit (ICU). ⋯ In this first meta-analysis including only randomized controlled trials related to ICU patients, dexmedetomidine was associated with a 48h reduction in ICU length of stay, mechanical ventilation duration and delirium occurrence despite a significant heterogeneity among studies. Dexmedetomidine was also associated with an increase in bradycardia and hypotension.
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Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med · Feb 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialImpact of preoperative continuous femoral blockades on morphine consumption and morphine side effects in hip-fracture patients: A randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Upon arrival at the emergency department, hip-fracture pain relief is usually carried out via systemic opioids. Continuous nerve blocks are efficient in the postoperative period, but have not been evaluated preoperatively. This study compared the reduction in morphine consumption and related side effects of a continuous femoral block with a single shot block in hip-fracture patients. ⋯ Preoperative continuous femoral blockades using ropivacaine reduce morphine side effects (mainly nausea) in hip-fracture patients without reducing morphine consumption.
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Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med · Feb 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyPlasma concentrations of ropivacaine following ultrasound-guided or nerve-stimulator-guided femoral nerve block: A prospective randomised study.
Our aim was to establish a plasma concentration curve for ropivacaine following femoral nerve blockade and to ascertain whether the resulting plasma concentrations differ significantly depending on whether neurostimulation (NS) or ultrasound (US) guidance was used. ⋯ Plasma concentrations of ropivacaine peak around 30 minutes after a femoral nerve block regardless of the technique used. No significant difference was found between US- and NS-guidance.
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Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med · Feb 2016
Infraorbital and infratrochlear nerve blocks combined with general anaesthesia for outpatient rhinoseptoplasty: A prospective randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
We conducted a study to determine the efficacy of bilateral extraoral infraorbital and infratrochlear nerve blocks during outpatient rhinoseptoplasty under general anaesthesia. ⋯ Bilateral extraoral infraorbital and infratrochlear nerve blocks performed with 0.25% levobupivacaine during general anaesthesia combining remifentanil and desflurane reduce the perioperative dose of morphine and the time spent in the post-anaesthesia care unit and the outpatient ward in adult patients undergoing outpatient rhinoseptoplasty.
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Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med · Feb 2016
Observational StudyReversal of neuromuscular blockade by sugammadex in laparoscopic bariatric surgery: in support of dose reduction.
Sugammadex is the first molecule able to antagonize steroidal muscle relaxants with few adverse effects. Doses are adjusted to body weight and the level of neuromuscular blockade. Sleeve gastrectomy is becoming a very popular form of bariatric surgery. It requires deep muscle relaxation followed by complete and rapid reversal to decrease postoperative and especially post-anaesthetic morbidity. Sugammadex is therefore particularly indicated in this setting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the deep neuromuscular blockade reversal time after administration of various doses of sugammadex (based on real weight or at lower doses). Secondary endpoints were the interval between the sugammadex injection and extubation and transfer from the operating room to the recovery room. We then investigated any complications observed in the recovery room. ⋯ Reversal of deep neuromuscular blockades by sugammadex in obese subjects can be performed at doses of 4mg/kg of ideal weight plus 35-50% with no clinical consequences and no accentuation of adverse effects.