British journal of urology
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To develop an animal model to examine the pathophysiology by which S3 sacral root electrostimulation alters the micturition reflex in patients with bladder hyper-reflexia. ⋯ This work reports and initial study showing that chronic electrostimulation of sacral nerve roots can reduce the signs of bladder hyper-reflexia in the spinally injured rat. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the rat as an animal model to determine the effects of chronic electrostimulation on the micturition reflex.
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To review and analyse clinical data on the diagnosis and management of patients with adrenal masses. ⋯ Based on this analysis we recommend that computed tomography is the first method used to define and localize the adrenal masses, that hormone levels should be determined in symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with adrenal masses, and that functional adrenal tumours and solid incidentalomas of any size should be removed surgically.