British journal of urology
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To review and analyse clinical data on the diagnosis and management of patients with adrenal masses. ⋯ Based on this analysis we recommend that computed tomography is the first method used to define and localize the adrenal masses, that hormone levels should be determined in symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with adrenal masses, and that functional adrenal tumours and solid incidentalomas of any size should be removed surgically.
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To develop an animal model to examine the pathophysiology by which S3 sacral root electrostimulation alters the micturition reflex in patients with bladder hyper-reflexia. ⋯ This work reports and initial study showing that chronic electrostimulation of sacral nerve roots can reduce the signs of bladder hyper-reflexia in the spinally injured rat. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the rat as an animal model to determine the effects of chronic electrostimulation on the micturition reflex.
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Multicenter Study
Development and validation of an audit instrument: the Prostate Outcomes Questionnaire.
To develop a short, patient-based questionnaire for auditing the outcomes of treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and to evaluate the acceptability, reliability and validity of the measure. ⋯ The POQ is a practical and scientifically sound patient-based measure of outcome after treatment for BPH which can be used for routine audit. It takes < 5 min to complete, is feasible for routine monitoring of large numbers of patients by postal survey, and is accompanied by a Users' Manual which provides practical help in conducting a local patient survey, and a computer program for scoring data. Most importantly, the POQ has been shown scientifically to perform well, having met standard psychometric criteria for reliability and validity.
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To assess the feasibility of carrying out a urodynamic investigation in patients with a urogenital fistula and to establish the incidence of abnormal lower urinary tract function in such patients. ⋯ There is a high incidence of abnormal lower urinary tract function in patients with urogenital fistulae. Patients with urethral or bladder neck fistulae had a higher incidence of both detrusor instability and genuine stress incontinence than those with fistulae into the vaginal vault. Many of these abnormalities appear to resolve after successful repair of the fistula, although detrusor instability may persist and require further treatment in some women. These findings are relevant to the counselling of patients before repair and may be of medico-legal significance.