Nō to shinkei = Brain and nerve
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The Short-Memory Questionnaire (SMQ) developed by Koss et al. is a standardized, validated reliable informant-based scale to assess everyday memory problems. In the previous study, we prepared its Japanese version and validated the reliability in assessing patients with Alzheimer Disease. In the present study, we examined the relations between the performance evaluated by the Japanese version of the SMQ combined with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and demographic variables (age, sex, and education). ⋯ Low MMSE scores were related to low education level and older females. Low SMQ scores were not related to aging, but linked to low education level and males. Both the MMSE and SMQ, which can be easily administered, are affected by education years and sex. In addition, MMSE score depends on age. Therefore, careful consideration should be paid to age, education level and sex for future execution of the MMSE and SMQ.
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Case Reports
[A rare case of trapped fourth ventricle: an unique symptom appeared after fourth ventriculo-peritoneal shunting].
We experienced a unique case of trapped fourth ventricle after shunting for post-meningitic hydrocephalus. A five-year-old infant was diagnosed as meningitis shortly after his birth, and secondarily suffered from hydrocephalus. He underwent lateral-ventriculo-peritoneal shunting, fourth-ventriculo-cisterna-magna shunting and so on, but bilateral abducens palsy appeared. ⋯ We tried to improve his symptom in one way or another by keeping the fourth ventricle in appropriate volume. His abducens palsy was controlled by switching the on-off valve between forth ventricle and peritoneum. We expect that a higher-pressure programmable shunt valve or a lower-flow-regulating shunt system be invented in order to cope with the cases like ours.