Voprosy onkologii
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The study was concerned with the frequency of metastatic spread of lung cancer to intrathoracic lymph nodes versus lung lobe distribution of malignancy in 299 cases of surgical treatment. In cases of primary tumor in any lobe of both lungs, metastases were detected primarily in the pulmonary and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes. A decreasing frequency of metastases was observed from the intrapulmonary lymph nodes to those of the root of the lung and mediastinum.
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Peridural injections of morphine were given to 180 incurable cancer patients suffering chronic pain. The effectiveness of the said procedure as well as its side-effects were assessed. A relationship between the external respiration parameters, on the one hand, and drug dosage and time postinjection, on the other, was studied. The data obtained point to the effectiveness of the said method and suggest that it be used as a universal procedure for the treatment of intractable pain in incurable patients.
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The rate and pattern of primary postoperative cardiovascular complications were studied in 7,986 cancer patients who underwent thoracoabdominal surgery. The complication rate was 2.99%. The lethality rate in patients with complications was 10.0%. Such factors as the age over 60 years, concomitant heart pathology, surgical manipulation in thoracic cavity and mediastinum alone or in combination with preoperative radiation appeared to enhance the risk for postoperative cardiovascular complications development.
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The results of treatment of 134 cases of morphologically-verified localized Ewing's sarcoma were evaluated. A comparative analysis showed relapse-free survival to be significantly lower for radiation treatment (23%) than for its combination with various cytostatic drugs. ⋯ This was matched by 47% for adjuvant adriamycin or carminomycin and 56% for adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide and vincristine. Evaluation of long-term results of adjuvant chemotherapy showed sex, age and site of involvement to be of certain prognostic value.
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Since endocrine factors play a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of precancerous and tumor diseases of the pharynx, the study was concerned with assays of total testosterone, albumin, sex steroid-binding globulin and free and protein-bound androgens in the blood serum of patients with malignant and benign tumors of the larynx. Laryngeal cancer patients revealed raised levels of total, free and albumin-bound testosterone matched by a lower concentration of sex steroid-binding globulin. ⋯ An important role of androgens in the pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer was inferred. Further studies of androgen secretion and transport by blood proteins in laryngeal cancer patients are essential for the investigations of pathways of sex steroid hormones action.