The British journal of clinical psychology / the British Psychological Society
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief group-based acceptance and commitment therapy for stroke survivors.
To date, the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for stroke survivors has not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of group-based ACT for stroke survivors in comparison with treatment as usual (TAU) controls. ⋯ Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), delivered didactically to groups of stroke survivors, proved feasible and acceptable. ACT had benefits, relative to treatment as usual, for depression, health status, and hope. Several secondary outcome variables did not show dependable benefit for ACT: anxiety; health-related quality of life; and mental well-being. Results should be treated as preliminary as the sample size was small, blinding was not possible, concomitant treatments were not monitored, and there was no attention control condition. Despite these limitations, group-based ACT merits further study as a potentially effective intervention.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Exploring change processes in compassion focused therapy in psychosis: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial.
Compassion focused therapy (CFT) was developed to stimulate capacities for soothing and affiliation to self and others as a way to regulate the threat system. This feasibility study aimed to assess the safety, the acceptability, the potential benefits, and associated change processes of using group CFT with people recovering from psychosis. ⋯ Compassion focused therapy appears as a safe, acceptable, promising, and evolving intervention for promoting emotional recovery from psychosis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The effects of imagery and sensory detection distractors on different measures of pain: how does distraction work?
Two experiments compared the effects of different distraction tasks on pain. Based on multiple-resource theory, Expt 1 predicted that the more a distractor shares processing resources with pain perception the greater the interference between the two. Experiment 2 tested whether the emotional content of the distractor would differentially effect measures that are supposedly reflective of the affective component of pain. ⋯ These results indicate that a task that requires attention to external cues has more impact on pain than either a positive or neutral imagination task. However, it is not clear that the specific resources used by the distraction tasks moderated pain differentially as predicted by multiple-resource theory.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Endorsement and memory bias of self-referential pain stimuli in depressed pain patients.
This study investigates information processing in chronic pain patients by comparing the responses of depressed pain patients, non-depressed pain patients and non-pain control subjects. Each subject contributed two scores: endorsement of adjectives as descriptors of themselves and their best-friends; and free recall of the presented words. ⋯ Further analysis revealed that depressed pain patients exhibited a bias towards self-referential negative pain words, but not towards self-referential negative depression information. These results are interpreted in line with content specificity theory of information processing and have implications for targeting cognitive interventions with pain patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Behavioural rehabilitation of chronic low back pain: comparison of an operant treatment, an operant-cognitive treatment and an operant-respondent treatment.
Seventy-one chronic low back pain patients were assigned to one of three behavioural rehabilitation treatments or a waiting-list condition. The first intervention consisted of an operant treatment, aimed at increasing health behaviours and activity levels and at reducing pain and illness behaviours. In the second intervention, a cognitive treatment, aimed at the reinterpretation of catastrophizing pain cognitions and at enhancing self-control, was combined with an operant treatment. ⋯ This differential effect among the conditions is maintained at follow-up. Patients who received the OC and OR treatments catastrophize less than OP patients, and OC patients showed better scores on outcome-efficacy than OR patients. In general, the results suggest that behavioural rehabilitation programmes for chronic low back pain are effective and that the effects of an operant treatment are magnified when self-control techniques are added.