Primary care
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This article reviews elbow injuries that occur at the medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior aspects, including pediatric elbow injuries. A description, imaging, anatomy (where appropriate), mechanism of injury, physical examination, diagnostics, differential diagnosis, management, cause for referral to an orthopedic surgeon, controversies, and advancements in management for each type of injury are included.
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Sports-related brain injuries are increasing in incidence and may affect athletes from many different sports. Concussion is the most common form of sports-related head injury and is a form of mild traumatic brain injury. ⋯ Return to play should not begin until all symptoms resolve, and then this should be done in a graduated fashion that avoids recreating symptoms. Research is ongoing concerning the maximum safe number of concussive injuries and any possible long-term sequelae.
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Evaluation of the hand and wrist requires a thorough understanding of the anatomic alignment of various bones, tendons, and ligaments along with the physiologic function in order to make an accurate diagnosis that portends appropriate healing and function while minimizing future disability. This article provides the latest research-based evidence of important trends in the treatment and rehabilitation of hand and wrist injuries.