Primary care
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This article is a summary of normal menstrual bleeding and how to recognize abnormalities based on patient's symptoms as well as identify possible causes in order to direct treatment. This article discusses abnormal uterine bleeding including the definition, etiology, evaluation, and treatment. It also discusses primary ovarian insufficiency, transgender medicine, and menopause.
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Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease that is highly prevalent in the United States. Obesity is typically classified by body mass index and the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening all patients 6 years or older for obesity. Evaluation includes a thorough history and physical examination as well as laboratory tests including hemoglobin A1c, comprehensive metabolic panel, lipid panel, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach including nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral therapy as well as pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery when appropriate.
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Endocrine emergencies encompass a group of conditions that occur when hormonal deficiency or excess results in acute presentation. If these endocrine disorders are not rapidly identified or if specific treatment is delayed, significant complications or even death may occur. ⋯ It discusses various causative factors, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities, emphasizing the significance of preventive measures. This article is aimed at guiding health care professionals, and this overview seeks to enhance understanding and improve patient outcomes in managing endocrine emergencies.
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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), also known as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), are rare tumors derived from cells with characteristics of both nerve and endocrine cells. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of NENs vary significantly depending on the type, location, whether the neoplasm is hormonally functional, how aggressive it is, and whether it has metastasized to other parts of the body. This article provides an overview of specific types of NETs, clinical presentations and related syndromes, diagnosis, and approach to management of common NENs.