Primary care
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The purpose of the preparticipation physical evaluation (PPE) is to promote safe participation in sport and to restrict participation only when necessary for the safety of the athlete. Based on expert opinion, this tool is considered standard of care. Six stakeholder professional societies collaboratively published the Preparticipation Physical Evaluation Monograph to guide a more useful experience for both examiners and athletes. The PPE uses systems-based history-taking and physical examinations to determine medical eligibility for participation in sport.
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Review
Healthy Sex: Contraception, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Media, Consent, and Confidentiality.
Adolescence is a natural time for sexual exploration; developmentally-appropriate sexual education is essential to promote healthy behaviors and prevent long-term morbidity. Adolescents may confide in their primary care clinicians, who are responsible for providing information and access to evidence-based care including family planning, contraception, and abortion. Clinicians are essential in sexually transmitted infection prevention, screening, treatment, risk mitigation, and harm reduction for sexually active adolescents. Clinics should pay special attention to electronic medical record settings and insurance procedures to prevent unexpected lapses in confidentiality.
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Primary care providers have a unique opportunity to provide high-quality care to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual and other identities not encompassed (LGBTQIA+) adolescents. Providers should be familiar with the various identities and definitions in the LGBTQIA + community, as well as social determinants of health and health disparities amongst LGBTQIA + adolescents. Providers should also understand how to foster a welcoming clinical environment, address gender affirming care to adolescents, and demonstrate clinical comfort with pre-exposure human immunodeficiency virus prophylaxis.
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This article provides a comprehensive overview of calcium physiology, clinical presentation with physical examination findings, laboratory assessment, differential diagnosis, and management of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia for the primary care provider.
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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), also known as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), are rare tumors derived from cells with characteristics of both nerve and endocrine cells. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of NENs vary significantly depending on the type, location, whether the neoplasm is hormonally functional, how aggressive it is, and whether it has metastasized to other parts of the body. This article provides an overview of specific types of NETs, clinical presentations and related syndromes, diagnosis, and approach to management of common NENs.