Psychological reports
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Psychological reports · Dec 2009
Postoperative delirium is associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction at one week after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Postoperative delirium with cognitive impairment frequently occurs after cardiac surgery. It was hypothesized that delirium is associated with residual postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients after surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Male cardiac surgical patients (M age = 66 yr., SD = 8; M education = 13 yr., SD = 2) and nonsurgical controls (M age = 62, SD = 7; M education = 12, SD = 2) 55 years of age or older were balanced on age and education. ⋯ In the Surgery group, the proportion of patients having postoperative cognitive dysfunction was significantly greater in those who experienced delirium (89%) compared with those who did not (37%). The odds of developing this dysfunction in patients with delirium were 14 times greater than those who did not. Postoperative delirium is associated with scores for residual postoperative cognitive dysfunction 1 wk. after cardiac surgery.
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Psychological reports · Dec 2009
Interaction between self-efficacy and initial performance in predicting the complexity of task chosen.
Research on motivation has confirmed the predictive power of cognitive-affective variables on performance in complex tasks. However, less attention has been given to the determinants of task choice in situations where there is discretion about which task is to be undertaken. ⋯ Self-efficacy beliefs contribute to explaining the range of difficulty people consider feasible to attempt when initial performance is controlled. Individuals with high self-efficacy chose tasks that maximized their learning opportunities.
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Psychological reports · Dec 2009
Global perceptions of the fit between person and work environment (P-E fit): development and initial validation of a new measure.
Research investigating the role of fit between individuals and their work environments employs a growing number of measures assessing subsets of work environments. Global perceptions of fit should be useful in anchoring research studies and developing the literature. ⋯ Using data from 363 upper-division college students in a simulated job search scenario, evidence of the unidimensionality, reliability, and predictive validity is provided. Suggestions are provided for use of these measures of global perceptions to advance research in Person-Environment fit.