Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
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Comparative Study
Cost-effectiveness analysis: stress ulcer bleeding prophylaxis with proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) present varying pharmacological efficacy in preventing stress ulcer bleeding (SUB) in intensive care units. The literature also reports disparate rates of ventilator-assisted pneumonia (VAP) as side effects of these treatments. We compared the cost-effectiveness of these two prophylactic pharmacological options. ⋯ PPI prophylaxis is the most efficient prophylactic strategy in patients at high risk of developing SUB when compared with using H2RAs.
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Comparative Study
Responsiveness of the EQ-5D health-related quality-of-life instrument in assessing low back pain.
To compare the responsiveness of the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D) generic quality-of-life instrument with that of specific instruments-the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)-in assessing low back pain. ⋯ The EQ-5D index is less responsive than instruments specific to pain measurement, although it is capable of indicating clinically important changes. The lower responsiveness arises from EQ-5D's more limited gradation of severity and its multidimensionality.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Unidimensional 12-item Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview for the assessment of dementia caregivers' burden obtained by item response theory.
To develop a one-dimensional version of the 22-item Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) by applying item response theory approaches. ⋯ The reduced 12-item ZBI fits a one-dimensional latent variable of burden. Further psychometric studies, focusing on its equivalence for different populations, sensitivity to change, and minimal important difference are warranted.
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1) To compare the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) and European Medicines Agency's (EMA's) Risk Management Plan (RMP) guidances and 2) to compare REMS and RMPs for specific chemical entities and biological products. ⋯ Both REMS and RMPs provide positive guidance for identification, monitoring, and minimization of risk to patient safety. Currently, neither agency provides specific guidance on how risk should be related to benefit either qualitatively or quantitatively.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Using the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale to estimate health state utility values: mapping from the MSIS-29, version 2, to the EQ-5D and the SF-6D.
The 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) is a psychometrically validated patient-reported outcome measure increasingly used in trials of treatments for multiple sclerosis. However, it is non-preference-based and not amenable for use across policy decision-making contexts. Our objective was to statistically map from the MSIS-29, version 2, to the EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D) and the six-dimension health state short form (derived from short form 36 health survey) (SF-6D) to estimate algorithms for use in cost-effectiveness analyses. ⋯ We have provided algorithms for the estimation of health state utility values, both the EQ-5D and SF-6D, from scores on the MSIS-29, version 2. Further research is now needed to determine how these algorithms perform in practical decision-making contexts, when compared with observed EQ-5D and SF-6D values.