Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
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Japan has the highest smoking prevalence among the G7 countries, and the Japanese government is expanding tobacco control measures, such as financial support for nicotine replacement therapy and cigarette price increases, to reduce smoking. In 2006, we examined intended quit attempts using hypothetical questions. Since then, a price increase for cigarettes has been proposed and has come closer to being realized. ⋯ The shift of preference for intended attempts to quit is diverse according to nicotine dependence. These differences may be derived from the variations of their time and risk preference and their trust in the tobacco price policies.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Economic evaluation of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary nailing in patients with closed and open tibial fractures: results from the study to prospectively evaluate reamed intramedullary nails in patients with tibial fractures (SPRINT).
Recently, results from the large, randomized study to prospectively evaluate reamed intramedullary nails in patients with tibial fractures (SPRINT) trial suggested a benefit for reamed intramedullary nail insertion in patients with closed tibial shaft fractures largely based on cost-neutral autodynamizations and a potential advantage for unreamed intramedullary nailing in open fractures. We performed an economic evaluation to compare resource use and effectiveness of reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing using a cost-utility analysis. ⋯ Our economic analysis from a governmental perspective suggests small differences in both cost and effectiveness with large uncertainty between reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing.
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Comparative Study
The association between statin use and outcomes potentially attributable to an unhealthy lifestyle in older adults.
To explore the "healthy user" and "healthy adherer" effects-hypothetical sources of bias thought to arise when patients who initiate and adhere to preventive therapies are more likely to engage in healthy behaviors than are other subjects. ⋯ These results suggest that patients initiating and adhering to chronic preventive drug therapies are more likely to engage in other health-promoting behaviors. Failure to account for this relationship may introduce bias in any epidemiologic study evaluating the effect of a preventive therapy on clinical outcomes.