Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society
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Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. · Jan 2005
Nephropathy in critically Ill patients without preexisting renal disease.
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) remains a common complication of radiographic procedures. Isovue (lopamidol) is a low-osmolality nonionic monomeric tri-iodinated water soluble agent widely used as a contrast medium in radiographic procedures for intravascular, intrathecal, and body cavity administration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lopamidol on renal function in patients without any preexisting renal condition who were undergoing radiographic imaging with the iodine contrast. ⋯ In 18% of the patients, creatinine was elevated more than 25% from the baseline. This level of creatinine elevation indicated a significant decrease in glomerular filtration, and thus fulfilled the criteria for contrast-induced nephropathy. Our data demonstrates that iodine contrast media for CT in ICU patients without preexisting kidney disease can precipitate clearly measurable nephropathic changes.
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Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. · Jan 2005
Pinacidil increases diclofenac antinociception in the formalin test.
Evidence suggests that the ATP-sensitive K+ channels are important in the peripheral antinociceptive effect of diclofenac. Combinations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with other different drugs are currently used in clinical practice to increase the analgesic efficacy and to reduce adverse events. We evaluated the effect of the combination of diclofenac and the activator of K+ channels pinacidil in the formalin test. ⋯ The local co-administration of pinacidil and diclofenac produced a significant reduction in the number of flinches during phase 2, but not during phase 1 of the test compared to the effect of either drug alone. In conclusion, the combination of individually ineffective doses of diclofenac and pinacidil produce an antinociceptive effect in the formalin test. In addition, pinacidil increased the action of diclofenac, probably through the activation of K+ channels.
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Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. · Jan 2004
Effect of diclofenac on the antiallodynic activity of vitamin B12 in a neuropathic pain model in the rat.
B vitamins have been used as analgesic drugs to treat pain disorders associated with their deficiency. More recently it has been claimed that B vitamins are useful to relieve different pain states as carpal tunnel, migraine and premenstrual tension. In Latin America, B vitamins are commonly used to treat neuropathic pain; however, there is no data to support this indication. ⋯ Vitamin B12 (0.75-6 mg/kg), but not diclofenac (1-10 mg/kg), reduced in a dose-dependent manner tactile allodynia induced by spinal nerve ligation. Diclofenac (3.2 mg/kg) was not able to further increase vitamin B12-induced antiallodynia. Results indicate that vitamin B12, but not diclofenac, produces antiallodynic effects in the rat and suggest that this vitamin could be a potential treatment for neuropathic pain in humans.
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Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. · Jan 2004
B vitamins increase the analgesic effect of diclofenac in the rat.
The purpose of this study was to assess the possible synergistic interaction between diclofenac and B-vitamins (100:100:1 of vitamin B1, B6 and B12, respectively) in the rat formalin test. Female Wistar rats were injected into the dorsal surface of the right hind paw with 50 microl of diluted formalin (1%). Reduction of the number of flinches was considered as antinociception. ⋯ Theoretical ED30 values for the combination estimated from the isobolograms were 39.9+/-4.2 and 58.1+/-6.4 mg/kg for 1:1 and 1:3 proportions, respectively. These values were significantly higher than experimental ED30 values which were 7.4+/-9.3 and 22.8+/-9.8 mg/kg for 1:1 and 1:3 proportions, respectively. Results indicate that oral diclofenac and B-vitamins can interact synergistically to reduce inflammatory pain in the formalin test and suggest the use of those combinations to relief this kind of pain in humans.
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Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. · Jan 2004
B vitamins increase the analgesic effect of ketorolac in the formalin test in the rat.
The purpose of this study was to assess the possible synergistic interaction between ketorolac and B-vitamins in the rat formalin test. Female Wistar rats were injected into the dorsal surface of the right hind paw with 50 microl of diluted formalin (1%). Reduction of number of flinches was considered as antinociception. ⋯ Theoretical ED25 values for the combination ketorolac-B vitamins estimated from the isobolograms were 140.3+/-15.1 and 80.4+/-6.8 mg/kg for 100:100:1 and 100:100:5 proportions, respectively. These values were significantly higher than experimental ED25 values which were 73.3+/-6.3 and 47.7+/-6.4 mg/kg for 100:100:1 and 100:100:5 proportions, respectively. Results indicate that oral ketorolac and B-vitamins can interact synergistically to reduce inflammatory pain in the formalin test and suggest the use of those combinations to relief this kind of pain in humans.