Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society
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Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. · Jan 2005
Nephropathy in critically Ill patients without preexisting renal disease.
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) remains a common complication of radiographic procedures. Isovue (lopamidol) is a low-osmolality nonionic monomeric tri-iodinated water soluble agent widely used as a contrast medium in radiographic procedures for intravascular, intrathecal, and body cavity administration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lopamidol on renal function in patients without any preexisting renal condition who were undergoing radiographic imaging with the iodine contrast. ⋯ In 18% of the patients, creatinine was elevated more than 25% from the baseline. This level of creatinine elevation indicated a significant decrease in glomerular filtration, and thus fulfilled the criteria for contrast-induced nephropathy. Our data demonstrates that iodine contrast media for CT in ICU patients without preexisting kidney disease can precipitate clearly measurable nephropathic changes.
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Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. · Jan 2005
Pinacidil increases diclofenac antinociception in the formalin test.
Evidence suggests that the ATP-sensitive K+ channels are important in the peripheral antinociceptive effect of diclofenac. Combinations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with other different drugs are currently used in clinical practice to increase the analgesic efficacy and to reduce adverse events. We evaluated the effect of the combination of diclofenac and the activator of K+ channels pinacidil in the formalin test. ⋯ The local co-administration of pinacidil and diclofenac produced a significant reduction in the number of flinches during phase 2, but not during phase 1 of the test compared to the effect of either drug alone. In conclusion, the combination of individually ineffective doses of diclofenac and pinacidil produce an antinociceptive effect in the formalin test. In addition, pinacidil increased the action of diclofenac, probably through the activation of K+ channels.
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Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. · Jan 2004
Clinical TrialTreatment of diabetic neuropathic pain with gabapentin alone or combined with vitamin B complex. preliminary results.
Neuropathic pain is a syndrome that affects around 1% of population. This condition can be severely disabling and traditional analgesics are useless against this type of pain. Several adjuvants such as the anticonvulsive agent gabapentin have been used to treat diabetic neuropathy with several degrees of effectiveness, but it is characterized of a high incidence of dizziness, somnolence and ataxia. ⋯ Both treatments significantly reduced pain and improved quality of life in the patients. Dizziness was the main adverse event observed in both groups. Data suggest that the combination of gabapentin and B vitamins could be an alternative treatment for diabetic neuropathic patients.
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Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. · Jan 2004
B vitamins increase the analgesic effect of diclofenac in the rat.
The purpose of this study was to assess the possible synergistic interaction between diclofenac and B-vitamins (100:100:1 of vitamin B1, B6 and B12, respectively) in the rat formalin test. Female Wistar rats were injected into the dorsal surface of the right hind paw with 50 microl of diluted formalin (1%). Reduction of the number of flinches was considered as antinociception. ⋯ Theoretical ED30 values for the combination estimated from the isobolograms were 39.9+/-4.2 and 58.1+/-6.4 mg/kg for 1:1 and 1:3 proportions, respectively. These values were significantly higher than experimental ED30 values which were 7.4+/-9.3 and 22.8+/-9.8 mg/kg for 1:1 and 1:3 proportions, respectively. Results indicate that oral diclofenac and B-vitamins can interact synergistically to reduce inflammatory pain in the formalin test and suggest the use of those combinations to relief this kind of pain in humans.
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Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. · Jan 2004
Oral administration of B vitamins increases the antiallodynic effect of gabapentin in the rat.
The purpose of this study was to assess the possible synergistic interaction between gabapentin and B-vitamins (100:100:1 of vitamin B1, B6 and B12, respectively) in a neuropathic pain model in the rat. Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation of the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves of female Wistar rats. Tactile allodynia was determined by measuring paw withdrawal in response to probing with a series of calibrated von Frey filaments. ⋯ The theoretical ED30 value for the combination estimated from the isobologram was 273.5+/-48.6 mg/kg. This value was significantly higher than the experimental ED30 value which was 18.7+/-1.7 mg/kg. Results indicate that systemic administration of gabapentin and B vitamins can interact synergistically to reduce neuropathic pain in the rat and suggest the use of this combination to relieve neuropathy in humans.