Image--the journal of nursing scholarship
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To describe the clinical validation of symptoms or defining characteristics of three respiratory diagnoses. The contributing factors or etiologies of the diagnoses were identified and the degree of importance of 30 nursing interventions, 15 direct care and 15 teaching, was rated for each diagnosis and each patient. Three nursing diagnoses--ineffective breathing pattern (IBP), ineffective airway clearance (IAC), and impaired gas exchange (IGE)--were among the most frequently used, yet no reported clinical studies validated the defining characteristics of these diagnoses. This study answers the research questions: What are the defining characteristics of IBP, IAC, and IGE? What are the etiologies of IBP, IAC, AND IGE? What are the most important interventions for IBP, IAC, and IGE? ⋯ Clinical validation methods allow discriminating among defining characteristics. Data that are present are not necessarily characteristic of a diagnosis, and the subjective cues of expresses fatigue or anxiety may be important for making these diagnoses.
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To determine the accuracy of bibliographic citations in three widely circulated nursing journals, RN, Nursing Management, and Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship. Accurate citations facilitate retrieval of the cited documents and establish the judgment and credibility of authors. ⋯ The rate of citation and quotation errors in the three sampled nursing journals is comparable to rates previously reported for medical and nursing journals. Errors of citation and quotation diminish the value of published papers.