Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza
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In this article the authors give a scientific evaluation of genetic dactyloscopy method in which the sites of human chromosomal DNA, possessing structural polymorphism, act as genetic markers. Technology of genome "dactyloscopy" including both the series of standard conventional methods and new methods is presented. The method is highly sensitive and requires small amounts of material for investigation. A practical case is described when genome "dactyloscopy" gave positive results which led to a conclusion on suspect's involvement in the crime.
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Incidence of fluid presence (drowning medium) in basilar bone sinus of dead bodies found in water was studied according to pathogenetic type of drowning. Method of quantitative assessment of this sign in medicolegal evaluation of the cause of death when dead bodies were found in water is suggested.
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Comparative Study
[The mechanism of the formation of the bullet-entry gunshot damage to the bones of the cranial vault in shots from the TO3-10 small-bore 5.6-mm-caliber rifle].
Data on experimental shots (3 series) from a TO3-10 small-gun that cause lesions of cranial vault bones are presented. It was stated that mechanism of formation of inlet bullet gunshot lesions of cranial vault bones involves several successive stages. Formation of gunshot lesion is affected by elastic bone properties and a "hydrodynamic effect".
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Experimental shots from a No. 16 calibre single-barrelled gun using commercial cartridges in the plastic cartridge cases supplied by wad containers with Nos. 1 and 2 shots revealed that lesions that had typical morphologic structure which were characteristic of wad container action were produced at close distances (less than 2 meters). Therefore preliminary experimental shots are necessary before making concrete decisions on characteristic features of an injuring projectile and shot distance.