Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza
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The mechanisms of formation of gunshot fractures in flat bones inflicted by a semispherical bullet were investigated using expert and experimental materials. The process of crack formation was considered in terms of the Hertzian contact problem and the Hill-Johnson model. It was shown that the fracture develops as a result of combination of stresses and strains in the bone tissue leading to the formation of a hydrostatic nucleus prior to tissue fragmentation. ⋯ It gives reason to consider the effect of a bullet moving with the speed of 250 m/s as quasi-static loading. The results obtained in this study make a contribution to the theory of impact effect of a bullet and provide a deeper insight into the physical nature of the direct and sideway action of a gunshot projectile. Moreover, they explain the cause behind the widening of the outlet part of the perforating fracture in the flat bones.
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It is concluded that the current state of forensic medical expertise of civil cases concerning disputable issues, such as causing harm to health in medical practice, does not meet the requirements of the relevant legal procedures.
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The objective of the present study was to analyse the current state of forensic medical expertise of the child injury. The relevant medical documents were used to estimate the quality of forensic medical examinations (surveys) of selected cases of child injuries and the related organizational, strategic, and methodological errors. The most challenging problems facing forensic medical expertise of the child injury are identified and the ways to address them are proposed.