Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza
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The objective of the present study was to estimate the influence of the position of an upper extremity on the formation of wound canals resulting from the injury to the scapular region and the chest. The secondary objective was to substantiate the possibility of the detection of the position of the upper extremity at the time of wound infliction. A few series of experiments were carried out with the differently positioned upper extremities. They allowed to determine: 1) the degree of tissue displacement in the scapular and thoracic regions, 2) disjunctive (discontinuous) dislocation of the wound canal, and 3) the possibility to detect the relative position of the upper extremity at the time of wound infliction in the scapular region.
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Forensic medical diagnostics of the injuries to the driver and passengers remains a challenging problem for forensic medical experts investigating traffic accidents. Specifically, the investigators encounter difficulties in the conduction of comprehensive medico-autotechnical studies. The objective of the present work was to propose the algorithm of actions for elucidating not only qualitative but also quantitative characteristics allowing to determine the position of both the driver and the front-seat passenger of the vehicle. This algorithm significantly improves the quality of expert judgment making it more objective and reliable.
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The objective of the present study was to elucidate the detailed morphological picture of stab injuries taking into consideration the design of the piercing objects, conditions of wound infliction, and properties of the affected tissues. The experimental injuries were inflicted either by an impact action or compression at an angle of 90 and 45-60 degrees using sharp (0.01 mm) and blunt (0.5 mm) piercing cylinder-conical bevel-edged (40 mm) objects 7 mm in diameter. ⋯ The new morphological features were identified associated with plastic deformation of the skin, viz. the shape of the wound opening, smoothness or borderline thickening of its edges, flattening and folding of epidermis; conditions for the formation of these features were investigated. These data are of importance for the individual and intra-group expert identification of the putative traumatic agents and reconstruction of the circumstances of a given event or offence.
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The objective of the present work was to study the shape, size, and morphological features of stab-and-slash skin wounds inflicted by the blades with differently shaped tips taking into consideration the direction of stab through multiple garments (1, 2, and 3 layers). The injuries were inflicted by kitchen knives having the blades of practically identical length and width but differently shaped tips. A total of 480 skin wounds and 720 damaged cloth specimens were available for the examination. ⋯ The length of all wound inflicted through the barrier decreased as the number of layers increased. The wounds had the linear shape, their contusion collar and flattened area became narrower; the shape of the back edges of the wounds inflicted through a three-layer barrier altered. It is concluded that the result of the present study may be useful for the improvement of diagnostics of stab-and-slash skin wounds.