Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized controlled trial of short-term withdrawal of i.v. immunoglobulin therapy for selected children with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
The aim of the present paper was to determine whether monthly i.v. immunoglobulin (IVIG) could be safely discontinued in antiretroviral-treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. ⋯ In antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected children short-term withdrawal of monthly IVIG was not associated with a significant increase in incidence of infections or a decline in immunologic function (CD4 count, viral load and IgG levels). These results suggest that monthly IVIG can be safely discontinued in HIV-infected children who are clinically stable and receiving combination antiretroviral therapy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Addition of sufentanil to bupivacaine in caudal block effect on stress responses in children.
The aim of the present randomized study was to determine the effect of adding sufentanil to bupivacaine, compared with bupivacaine alone in caudal block, on the surgical stress response in children. ⋯ There is no advantage in adding 0.5 microg/kg sufentanil to bupivacaine over bupivacaine alone in the caudal block, with regard to the surgical stress response in children.
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Practice Guideline
New Japanese pediatric guidelines for the treatment and management of bronchial asthma.
There have been a number of guidelines for asthma treatment published throughout the world. However, childhood asthma guidelines must be developed in consideration of the background of the individual countries. ⋯ In JPGL 2005 the recommendations were re-edited based on Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and the JPGL 2002. In comparison to the GINA guidelines, the JPGL 2005 include a classification system of asthma severity, recommendations for long-term management organized by age, a special mention of infantile asthma, and an emphasis on prevention and early intervention.
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Menstrual disorders may affect the life of adolescents and young adult women, and may sometimes cause serious problems. The patterns of menstrual cycles were analyzed for association with age of menarche, prevalence of menstrual irregularity, dysmenorrhea, prolonged menstrual bleeding, and effect of menstrual disorders, especially dysmenorrhea, on social activities and school attendance among the female students. ⋯ The prevalence of dysmenorrhea and menstrual irregularity was high, and most adolescents have inappropriate and insufficient information about menstrual problems. Hence, an education program is needed at the end of primary school about menarche and menstrual problems.
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The majority of previous studies on headache in children and adolescents have focused mainly on migraine. There is a paucity of population-based studies investigating the prevalence of tension-type headache (TTH). The objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of migraine and TTH in adolescents using the 2004 International Headache Society (IHS) criteria and to determine the sociodemographic and clinical differences between the migraine and TTH. ⋯ Migraine and TTH were found to be common types of headaches in adolescents. It was thought that, with the use of modified IHS criteria, the number of undiagnosed patients with headache will decrease.