Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia
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Hydronephrosis is probably the most common congenital abnormality detected prenatally by ultrasonography This study was performed to determine the cause and outcome of prenatal hydronephrosis in our hospital. A total of 45 infants, with 57 prenatally hydronephrotic renal units, were enrolled into this study. For the purpose of this study, the degree of hydronephrosis was defined as mild, moderate or severe. ⋯ In this study, the most common cause for hydronephrosis were UPJO and VUR. Also seen in this study is the noteworthy point that mild fetal hydronephrosis is relatively benign and does not require surgical intervention in most cases and surgery should be performed only if there is renal function compromise. Prenatal consultation with a pediatric nephrologist and urologist is useful in decreasing parental anxiety and facilitating postnatal management.
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Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl · May 2012
Spectrum of community-acquired acute kidney injury in India: a retrospective study.
An understanding of the epidemiology of community-acquired acute kidney injury (CAAKI) is necessary to establish its overall burden and plan potential preventive strategies. This study was done in an urban tertiary care center in northern India with the aim to identify the etiology and outcomes as well as the factors associated with in-hospital mortality of CAAKI patients. A five year retrospective analysis of all patients with CAAKI admitted to the Nephrology Department from January 2005 to December 2009 was done. ⋯ Of the 83% patients who underwent dialytic therapy, 44.5% underwent hemodialysis, 22.5% continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration, 21.6% sustained low efficiency dialysis and 11.4% peritoneal dialysis. The overall in-hospital mortality among patients with CAAKI was 26.20%. CAAKI remains a common problem affecting nearly 2.5% of patients attending nephrology units.
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Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl · Mar 2012
Clinical features and outcomes of ANCA-associated renal vasculitis.
To determine the patterns and outcomes of the pauci-immune vasculitis in the nephrology department at hospital La Conception in Marseille, we conducted a retrospective study including all patients with diagnosis of pauci-immune renal vasculitis between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2007. Among 33 cases, 25 were diagnosed as Wegener granulomatosis (WG), seven as microscopic polyangitis (MPA) and one as Churg-Strauss syndrome (SCS). The median age of the patients was 57.7 years and the sex-ratio (M/F) was 1.6. ⋯ After 35 months of follow-up, eight patients ended on chronic hemodialysis, and five patients died. ANCA associated vasculitis are frequent in our patients. Long-term outcomes are relatively good despite a mortality rate of 15% and 25% of the patients entering dialysis after three years of follow-up.
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Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl · Mar 2012
Case ReportsJoubert syndrome presenting as unilateral dysplastic kidney, hypotonia, and respiratory problem.
An 8-month-old girl with a history of asphyxia and respiratory distress immediately after birth was hospitalized at her fourth month of age with the diagnosis of kidney infection and it was revealed that she had a unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. In recent admission, she presented to emergency room with fever, hyperpnea, and apnea. In appearance, she was a hypotonic girl with broad forehead, hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge and bitemporal regions, rapid vertical and horizontal nystagmus, and open mouth with salivation. ⋯ Blood gas O 2 saturation dropped after she received phenobarbital. Her urinary and blood tests were normal; however, her cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed vermis agenesis and molar tooth sign. These physical and para-clinical findings suggested Joubert syndrome.
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Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl · Jan 2012
Acid-base and electrolyte disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder in the community. The diabetics may suffer from acid-base and electrolyte disorders due to complications of diabetes mellitus and the medication they receive. In this study, acid-base and electrolyte disorders were evaluated among outpatient diabetics in our hospital. ⋯ In groups B and C, the common disorders were metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, and metabolic acidosis, respectively. The most common electrolyte disorders were hypernatremia (especially in groups A and B), hyponatremia (group C) and hyperkalemia (especially in groups B and C). It is concluded that: (a) in diabetic outpatients, acid-base and electrolyte disorders occurred often even if the renal function is normal, (b) the most common disorders are metabolic alkalosis and metabolic acidosis (the frequency increases with the deterioration of the renal function) and (c) the common electrolyte disorders are hypernatremia and hypokalemia.