BJU international
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Safety and efficacy of ultrasonography as an adjunct to fluoroscopy for renal access in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
• To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasonography (US)-guided renal access in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), as compared with conventional fluoroscopy-guided renal access in a prospective randomized trial. ⋯ • US-guided puncture in PCNL helps in increasing accuracy of puncture and decreasing radiation exposure for the surgical team and the patients.
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Stuttering priapism is an uncommon recurrent form of ischaemic priapism consisting of episodes of unwanted, painful erections that typically last for <3 h. It occurs repeatedly with intervening periods of detumescence. If these episodes are not treated, it may evolve into a classic ischaemic priapism and eventually lead to irreversible corporal fibrosis with permanent erectile dysfunction. ⋯ We identified 117 case reports, 28 reviews, 37 anecdotal reports, 22 small size clinical trials and one in vitro work. Our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of stuttering priapism has improved in recent years. Further multicentre randomized clinical trials are required to evaluate the efficacy of different treatment options and to define safe and effective management strategies for patients with low-flow recurrent priapism.
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• To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and interferon α-2B (IFNα-2B) in treating superficial bladder cancer (SBC). The mentioned combination has shown synergism in pre-clinical studies. ⋯ • The combination of BCG and IFNα-2B in the patient population with SBC has similar efficacy and toxicity to BCG monotherapy.
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Comparative Study
An analysis of world media reporting of two recent large randomized prospective trials investigating screening for prostate cancer.
•The publication of two large screening studies for prostate cancer (CaP), the Prostate Lung Colorectal Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) and the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC), has generated intense interest in medical and lay press not only as a result of their robust size, but also their opposing outcomes and differing methodologies, making interpretation controversial. •To characterize the world online media response to the studies by assessing reports for quality and message, as well as noting geographical differences. ⋯ •World newsprint media in general portrayed screening in a negative light after publication of the ERSPC and PLCO studies. •North American media concluded that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening was excessive, whereas the UK media indicated that an inadequate level of PSA screening is occurring. •The media influences public opinion and government policy and it is important that urological organizations are aware of the true impact.
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•To evaluate whether transrectal real-time elastography (RTE) improves the detection of intraprostatic prostate cancer (PCa) lesions and extracapsular extension (ECE) compared with conventional grey-scale ultrasonography (GSU). ⋯ •Compared with GSU, RTE provides a statistically significant improvement in detection of PCa lesions and ECE. •RTE enhances GSU, although improvement is still needed to achieve a clinically meaningful sensitivity.