Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift
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Pulse oximetry has high sensitivity but low specificity for detecting hypoxemia. Arterial blood gas analyses are the gold standard for monitoring O2 therapy. Venous blood gas analyses should not be used in this setting. ⋯ These patients should always be monitored with arterial blood gases-in the case of peripheral VA-ECMO on the right arm and downstream of the oxygenator. HIGH-FLOW OXYGEN THERAPY FOR ACUTE HYPERCAPNIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE: High-flow oxygen therapy (HFNC) was not associated with reduced in-hospital mortality compared with conventional O2 in a meta-analysis of predominantly patients with acute hypoxemia (type I respiratory failure), although intubation rates were reduced. Also, in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (type II), HFNC with high flow rates is not inferior to noninvasive ventilation (NIV).
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Complement is a central part of the immune system. In the human body, complement is responsible for recognition of infectious microbes, for coordinating the adaptive immune response, controlling homeotic reactions and for the non-inflammatory removal of modified self-cells and infectious microbes. Complement is also closely linked to another proteolytic cascade, the coagulation system. ⋯ In addition, clinical guidelines are developed for Diagnosis and Therapy of complement mediated diseases, new biomarkers are evaluated in clinical studies, and diagnostic guidelines are in development. The recent Covid infections showed a clear link of complement in thrombo inflammation, which ultimately results in kidney damage. These aspects have increased further the focus of complement inhibitors in COVID infections.
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We report on a 66-year-old patient who had had painful swelling of his left big toe for about 9 months with subjectively stopped growth. ⋯ As in the case presented, retronychia is often misdiagnosed. The knowledge of groundbreaking clinical and anamnestic parameters and the correct therapy options allows a quick, inexpensive, and long-term successful treatment.
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The physician has to make numerous and legally far-reaching determinations in the course of the post-mortem examination. These can have considerable consequences for relatives and, moreover, for society. Therefore, the correct performance of post-mortem examinations and the correct evaluation of the findings is an extremely responsible task that every physician should master.
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Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. · Jun 2023
[Clostridioides difficile - New Insights and Therapy Recommendations].
After an increase in Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) until 2013 due to epidemic ribotypes such as 027 and 078, CDI incidence in Germany is now declining, as confirmed by recent epidemiological data. Despite this success through antimicrobial stewardship and hospital hygiene, the burden of disease remains high, especially in older patients (>65 years) with comorbidities. The main risk factor for CDI is the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which disrupt the gut microbiota, allowing C. difficile colonization. ⋯ For the treatment of recurrent CDI, the new guidelines also include the use of the monoclonal antibody bezlotoxumab. In addition, a new oral microbiome therapy, SER-109 (capsules containing purified Firmicutes spores), which showed promising results in a phase 3 study, may provide an easy-to-administer alternative to fecal microbiota transplantation. Hopes for a well-performing toxoid vaccine for primary and secondary prevention of CDI have unfortunately not been fulfilled in the CLOVER trial.