Zeitschrift für die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete
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On the basis of the data of the National Cancer Registry of the GDR from 1964 to 1977 the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissues are investigated. A slight increase from period A (1964-1966) to period B (1968-1972) and a general increase of the number of diseases at oldest age from 1964 to 1977 refers to an improved quality of the diagnostics and registration. In the leukaemias in childhood and adolescence shifts from the myeloic to the lymphatic leukaemia are found which are attributed to the exacter classification. Altogether there are no references to an increased risk of falling ill with malignant lymphomas and leukaemias in the period of the report.
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The clinical use of cytostatics belongs to the most difficult forms of pharmacotherapy. On account of the slight therapeutic breadth of these substances, their use is nearly regularly loaded with partly severe toxic side effects. In a survey of literature and with the help of own instances the possible toxic side effects, their diagnostics. prevention and therapy, concerning the various organ systems, are described. Due to their high potential toxicity cytostatics should be administered only by physicians experienced in this therapy under exactest indication.
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Due to the advances in endoscopic technique, gallium-67-scintigraphy, immunologic methods as well as particularly by measurement of ACE in recent years the way to a pathogenetically oriented diagnostics and therapy of pulmonary sarcoidosis became evident. In this case it is important to abandon the x-ray and bronchoscopic diagnostics and the therapy planning according to the x-ray and to introduce increasingly activity markers into the clinical routine. As to newer methods in this case above all the ACE-measurement and the diagnostic lavage are offered. ⋯ Great clinical attention must be paid to the problem of myocardial sarcoidosis, since very much depends upon the well-timed and consequent therapy. Indeed, it is above all the heart sarcoidosis which decisively deteriorates the prognosis of the altogether benign disease. The newer immunologic techniques, including the elaboration of the lavage fluid are at present above all still of theoretical interest.
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This outlines of normal metabolism and nutrition are summarized as well as some of their deviations. The differences between parenteral and enteral nutrition are discussed as well as the constituents of the diet to the extent that they are of significance for total parenteral nutrition.
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The history of modern cardiology begins with William Harvey, the history of cardiodiagnostics, however, with William Heberden and the inaugurators of percussion and auscultation. Nearly all methods needed a long initial period, before they stood the test as routine measures. The revision of positive judgments of their value became necessary whereever new methods entered into competition with techniques which proved their value for long years and which apparently could not be renounced. Up to now schemes of thinking remained characteristic for the heart, the historical basis of which was shown in the present paper.