Biology of the neonate
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Biology of the neonate · Jan 2006
Erythropoietin downregulates bax and DP5 proapoptotic gene expression in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
Perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of neonatal mortality and subsequent serious sequelae such as motor and cognitive deficits and seizures. The ameliorative effect of erythropoietin (Epo) on experimental hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats has been recently reported. Recent studies also confirm the antiapoptotic effect of Epo in a variety of in vitro and in vivo neuronal injury models including hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. However, molecular mechanisms of Epo protection and antiapoptotic effect in this model are unclear. Epo may exert its antiapoptotic effect via the differential regulation of the expression of genes involved in the apoptotic process. ⋯ These results suggest that Epo exerts a neuroprotective effect against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, at least partially, via the differential regulation of the expression of genes involved in apoptotic process.
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Biology of the neonate · Jan 2006
Comparative StudyEffects of volume-targeted synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation on spontaneous episodes of hypoxemia in preterm infants.
Hypoxemic episodes in ventilated preterm infants are frequently caused by reduced ventilation due to a decrease in lung volume and acute worsening of respiratory mechanics. ⋯ VT-SIMV did not reduce the frequency of hypoxemic episodes, but VT-SIMV 6.0 was effective in reducing the duration of the hypoxemic episodes.
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Biology of the neonate · Jan 2006
Quantitative measurement of monocyte HLA-DR expression in the identification of early-onset neonatal infection.
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utilities of monocyte HLA-DR as an infection marker in the identification of early-onset clinical infection and pneumonia in newborn infants. ⋯ Our findings did not support the use of monocyte HLA-DR alone or in combination with other infection markers in the diagnosis of early-onset clinical infection and pneumonia in term newborns.
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Biology of the neonate · Jan 2006
BAY 41-2272, a direct activator of soluble guanylate cyclase, reduces right ventricular hypertrophy and prevents pulmonary vascular remodeling during chronic hypoxia in neonatal rats.
Exposure to hypoxia during the first weeks of life in newborn rats decreases vascular growth and alveolarization and causes pulmonary hypertension (PH). BAY 41-2272 is a novel direct activator of soluble guanylate cyclase independent of nitric oxide, effective as an acute pulmonary vasodilator in an animal model of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, but whether prolonged BAY 41-2272 therapy is effective in the setting of chronic PH is unknown. We hypothesize that BAY 41-2272 would prevent PH induced by chronic exposure to neonatal hypoxia. ⋯ However, BAY 41-2272 did not change vessels density, radial alveolar counts or mean linear intercepts. We conclude that BAY 41-2272 prevents the vascular structural effects of PH and reduces RVH but does not protect from hypoxia-induced inhibition of alveolarization and vessel growth. We speculate that BAY 41-2272 may provide a new therapy for chronic PH.
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Biology of the neonate · Jan 2006
Effects of midazolam and morphine on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics in ventilated premature infants.
Midazolam sedation and morphine analgesia are commonly used in ventilated premature infants. ⋯ Administration of midazolam and morphine in ventilated premature infants causes significant changes in cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics, which might be harmful.