Biology of the neonate
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Biology of the neonate · Jan 2006
Comparative StudyEffects of volume-targeted synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation on spontaneous episodes of hypoxemia in preterm infants.
Hypoxemic episodes in ventilated preterm infants are frequently caused by reduced ventilation due to a decrease in lung volume and acute worsening of respiratory mechanics. ⋯ VT-SIMV did not reduce the frequency of hypoxemic episodes, but VT-SIMV 6.0 was effective in reducing the duration of the hypoxemic episodes.
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Biology of the neonate · Jan 2006
Effects of midazolam and morphine on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics in ventilated premature infants.
Midazolam sedation and morphine analgesia are commonly used in ventilated premature infants. ⋯ Administration of midazolam and morphine in ventilated premature infants causes significant changes in cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics, which might be harmful.
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Biology of the neonate · Jan 2006
Quantitative measurement of monocyte HLA-DR expression in the identification of early-onset neonatal infection.
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utilities of monocyte HLA-DR as an infection marker in the identification of early-onset clinical infection and pneumonia in newborn infants. ⋯ Our findings did not support the use of monocyte HLA-DR alone or in combination with other infection markers in the diagnosis of early-onset clinical infection and pneumonia in term newborns.
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Biology of the neonate · Jan 2006
BAY 41-2272, a direct activator of soluble guanylate cyclase, reduces right ventricular hypertrophy and prevents pulmonary vascular remodeling during chronic hypoxia in neonatal rats.
Exposure to hypoxia during the first weeks of life in newborn rats decreases vascular growth and alveolarization and causes pulmonary hypertension (PH). BAY 41-2272 is a novel direct activator of soluble guanylate cyclase independent of nitric oxide, effective as an acute pulmonary vasodilator in an animal model of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, but whether prolonged BAY 41-2272 therapy is effective in the setting of chronic PH is unknown. We hypothesize that BAY 41-2272 would prevent PH induced by chronic exposure to neonatal hypoxia. ⋯ However, BAY 41-2272 did not change vessels density, radial alveolar counts or mean linear intercepts. We conclude that BAY 41-2272 prevents the vascular structural effects of PH and reduces RVH but does not protect from hypoxia-induced inhibition of alveolarization and vessel growth. We speculate that BAY 41-2272 may provide a new therapy for chronic PH.
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Biology of the neonate · Jan 2006
Hyperoxia and tidal volume: Independent and combined effects on neonatal pulmonary inflammation.
Hyperoxia and tidal volume mechanical ventilation are independent factors in the genesis of lung injury, but it remains unclear the extent to which each is responsible or contributes to this process in newborns. ⋯ We conclude that in neonatal piglets undergoing hyperoxic stress, superimposition of high tidal volume ventilation exacerbates the lung inflammation as assessed by lung monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and level of myeloperoxidase.