Diabetes technology & therapeutics
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Diabetes Technol. Ther. · Jan 2002
Clinical TrialWhen should determination of ketonemia be recommended?
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of type diabetes. beta-Hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) accounts for about 75% of ketones, and blood concentration can be determined with a sensor. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and degree of ketonemia in daily life of children with diabetes and to make a base for recommendations for determination of ketonemia in clinical practice. During 3 months 45 patients with type 1 diabetes since 1-10 years old (mean 4.4 +/- 3.3 years old) at the pediatric clinic in Linköping, Sweden, performed 24-h profiles (eight determinations) in 2 weeks with blood glucose and beta-OHB. ⋯ Already a value > 0.4 mmol/L seems abnormal, and we recommend that patients retest glucose and ketones with beta-OHB > 0.4 mmol/L. Furthermore, we recommend that diabetic children and adolescents measure beta-OHB when symptoms like nausea or vomiting occur to differentiate ketoacidosis from gastroenteritis, and during infections, during periods with high blood glucose (> 15 mmol/L), and if they notice ketonuria. Monitoring beta-OHB should be routine for patients on pump therapy.
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Diabetes Technol. Ther. · Jan 2001
Comparative StudyA novel method for continuous online glucose monitoring in humans: the comparative microdialysis technique.
The aim of this study was to prove the feasibility of continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring in humans using the comparative microdialysis technique (CMT). The performance of the CMT was determined by comparing tissue glucose values with venous or capillary blood glucose values in healthy volunteers and type 1 diabetic subjects. The CMT is a microdialysis-based system for continuous online glucose monitoring in humans. ⋯ The mean difference was 0.42+/-1.06 mM (healthy volunteers) and -0.17+/-1.22 mM (diabetic patients). Error grid analysis for the values obtained in diabetic patients demonstrated that 99% of CMT glucose values were within clinically acceptable regions (regions A and B of the Clarke Error Grid). The study results show that the CMT is an accurate technique for continuous online glucose monitoring.
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Diabetes Technol. Ther. · Jan 1999
Transcutaneous electrostimulation: emerging treatment for diabetic neuropathic pain.
Three independent studies utilizing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to relieve diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain were reviewed. The proprietary equipment, an H-wave machine, administered all electrotherapy. The first two studies assessed the efficacy of electrotherapy alone and electrotherapy with amitriptyline. ⋯ The final study looked at patients who have utilized electrotherapy for over one year. A reported 44% improvement of symptoms was attained with continuous electrotherapy treatment. The data also suggested that a maintenance treatment protocol for long-term pain relief would have to be developed.