Oftalmologicheskiĭ zhurnal
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The paper analyses results after investigation of free selection of families, parents myopia selected by signs and a definite minimum age of their first-order offsprings, including 108 matrimonial couples with the total number of 209 children. It was found that myopia is a hereditary sign manifesting itself in children at the age above 15 years and more in 90% of families of the first-order offsprings of the couples in whom one of the parents has this kind of refraction, and in 100% of families in whom both parents suffer from this kind of refraction. The incidence of myopic children in families in whom one or both parents have myopia ranges from 68% to 86%, and depends on the type of refraction.
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Examination of 127 newborns in the first day after birth has revealed changes in the eye fundus in 89 of them (70.1%): dilatation of retinal veins, edema of the retina and the optic disc, hemorrhages. The severity of ophthalmological changes in newborns correlates with disturbances in the nervous system in them. It is recommended to subject newborns to early ophthalmological examination for assessment of their state and diagnosis of birth injury of the central nervous system.