Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
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Aims of Investigation: Obesity and persistent pain are public health concerns with associated high costs. Evidence supports an increased risk for reports of persistent pain among adults who are above the recommended body mass index level. ⋯ Even less is known about how overweight status that does not reach the level of obesity is related to pain. Thus, the aim driving this review was to calculate the risk and odds ratios of chronic pain among adults with an overweight body mass index.
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Although the use of prescription opioid analgesics to treat acute, postoperative pain is a well-established practice, the role of opioids in the management of persistent, postoperative pain remains ill-defined. Nevertheless, high rates of long-term opioid use following lumbar fusion have been reported. ⋯ Thus, nurses and nurse practitioners may be able to identify patients at risk for long-term opioid use following lumbar fusion by screening patients for preoperative opioid use.
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Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome with suboptimal treatment outcomes. Catastrophizing is an empirically supported risk factor for greater IC/BPS pain. ⋯ Illness-focused behavioral coping is an important mechanism between maladaptive pain cognition and aspects of patient pain, with patients reporting greater depressive symptoms at increased risk for elevated pain. Patient management techniques, including screening for catastrophizing, coping, and depression, are recommended to enrich IC/BPS management.
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Pain continues to be a problem in hospitalized patients. Contextual factors contribute to the success of pain quality improvement efforts. ⋯ Because of the diverse responses, it is recommended that each unit conduct a force-field analysis to guide successful implementation of improvement efforts.
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The United States is experiencing an opioid overdose crisis. Research suggests prolonged postoperative opioid use, a common complication following surgery, is associated with opioid misuse, which, in turn, is the greatest risk factor of heroin misuse. The objective of this review is to evaluate how postoperative opioid exposure relates to prolonged use and to identify factors that predict prolonged postoperative opioid use. ⋯ Studies are needed to determine the predicting characteristics of prolonged postoperative opioid use, the type of surgeries that place patients at most risk, and the effect postoperative exposure to opioids has on prolonged use. This information can be used to develop and implement protocols to prevent misuse among high-risk patients.