Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
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Some patients with chronic pain who are intolerant of or refractory to treatment with systemic analgesics may benefit from intrathecal therapy. Ziconotide is the first nonopioid analgesic approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for intrathecal administration. Several randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of ziconotide. ⋯ Efficacy can be assessed by an evaluation of changes in pain, functionality, and quality of life. Cognitive adverse events may be subtle; therefore, it is important that health care professionals not only monitor patients for signs and symptoms of cognitive adverse events, but also teach family members how to do the same. Careful patient assessment and monitoring can help optimize the potential benefit from treatment with ziconotide.
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Although the experience of being believed is frequently alluded to in chronic pain literature, few studies have specifically explored this phenomenon and even fewer reviews have been offered. This narrative review sought to explore the wider social context in which individuals with chronic pain may experience disbelief toward their pain. Articles were obtained through a search of eight databases and a hand search of the references of full-text papers. ⋯ Finally, disbelief can lead to emotional distress. This can take the form of guilt, depression, and anger. Throughout the article, implications for health care professionals, working with individuals living with chronic pain, are discussed.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of relaxation techniques and back massage on pain and anxiety in Turkish total hip or knee arthroplasty patients.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of relaxation techniques and back massage on postoperative pain, anxiety, and vital signs on postoperative days 1-3 in patients who had undergone total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA). Sixty patients having a THA or TKA were randomly assigned to either a experimental group or a control group. The McGill Pain Questionnaire Short Form (MPQ-SF) and State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) were used to measure pain and anxiety, respectively. ⋯ Results of this research provide evidence to support the use of relaxation techniques and back massage at bed rest times of patients to decrease pain and anxiety. The interventions helped them to forget about their pain for a while and improved their anxiety state. After an evaluation of the conclusions, use of these interventions should be implemented by nurses into routine plans of care for patients.