Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
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The elderly population is one of the fastest growing groups in the United States. Pain is a significant problem for community-dwelling elders and for elderly persons in residential facilities. ⋯ Effective pain management of elderly individuals requires knowledge of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes that occur with aging. Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches should be used to manage pain in the elderly.
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Pain management for premature infants raises challenging questions for nurses. This group of infants is often physiologically fragile and they may undergo frequent painful procedures on a daily basis. Contrary to ideas from the past, premature infants are able to feel pain, and nervous system elements required for the transmission of painful stimuli are functional by 24 weeks gestation. ⋯ Recent research shows that oral sucrose is a safe and effective analgesic for short-term procedures. Research studies to determine the most effective doses and modes of oral sucrose administration are ongoing. It is thought that the relief of pain is owing to the sweet taste of the sucrose that activates endogenous pain-modulating systems.
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As hospitals across the country work to improve pain management in the face of ever-shrinking resources, one challenge that must be addressed is the delineation of specialized pain management services. Although pain management is an interdisciplinary process, nurses are in a unique position to provide leadership in both the organization and delivery of clinical services. This article describes the development and 2-year experience of a nurse-run inpatient pain management consultation service in an academic tertiary care hospital. The structure of the service, and nature and volume of consults is discussed along with recommendations for institutions considering this strategy.
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Although much has been done to promote pain assessment and management, pain remains a major, yet largely preventable, public health problem in the United States. A strategy that has been proposed to assure optimal pain management is the development of formal means within institutions to evaluate pain management practices and foster improved outcomes. ⋯ A Pain Management Task Force was charged with the development of a comprehensive pain management program. Its efforts to date and plans for the future position this institution as ready for the Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' pain assessment and management standards that were introduced in 2000.