Nutritional neuroscience
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Nutritional neuroscience · Jul 2021
Prevalence of malnutrition/malnutrition risk and nutrition-related risk factors among patients with Parkinson's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.
The clinical symptoms and nutritional status of patients with Parkinson's disease (PwP) are interrelated, and the clinical outcomes in malnourished patients are often poor. Only a few studies have reviewed the prevalence of malnutrition and nutrition-related risk factors in PwP. ⋯ Malnutrition/malnutrition risk prevalence in PwP are high. The duration of the disease, LEDD, H&Y staging, and UPDRS score (part III and total) may be nutrition-related risk factors in PwP.
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Nutritional neuroscience · Oct 2020
Is vagal stimulation or inhibition benefit on the regulation of the stomach brain axis in obesity?
Objective: Possible effects of the vagus inhibition and stimulation on the hypothalamic nuclei, myenteric plexes and the vagus nerve were investigated. Methods: The female rats divided to the inhibition (INH), stimulation (STI) and, sham (SHAM) groups were fed with high fat diet (including 40% of energy from animal fat). After nine weeks, the rats were allowed to recover for 4 weeks in INH group. ⋯ The myelinated axon number in the INH group was significantly highest. The myelin sheath thickness and axon area of the INH group was significantly lower than the other groups. Discussion: The results of the study show that the vagal inhibition is more effective than the vagal stimulation on the weight loss in the obesity.
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Nutritional neuroscience · Aug 2020
Dietary fish intake and the risk of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Objectives: There is some inconclusive evidence for the role of fish consumption in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study aimed to systematically review and determine the association between dietary fish intake and risk of MS. Methods: A systematic search with related keywords was carried out in PubMed-MEDLIN, Scopus-EMBASE, and OVID-MEDLINE from inception up to September 2019 to find observational studies that evaluated the association between dietary fish intake and the risk of MS. ⋯ Results: Six articles met the inclusion criteria for systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of this study indicated that the consumption of fish decreases the risk of MS [OR (95% CIs): 0.77 (0.64, 0.92); p-value = 0.004; I2 = 54.7%] compared with controls. Discussion: Dietary intake of at least 0.5 servings of fish per week during adolescence and after might reduce the risk of MS; however, further studies are required to prove this preventive effect.
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Nutritional neuroscience · Apr 2019
The investigation of the effects of topiramate on the hypothalamic levels of fat mass/obesity-associated protein and neuropeptide Y in obese female rats.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of topiramate on the fat mass/obesity-associated protein (FTO) and on the neuropeptide Y (NPY) level in the hypothalamus depending on the recently increased prevalence of obesity. ⋯ In conclusion, the mechanism of the effect of topiramate to create a state of obesity is thought to involve the decrease in the levels of NPY and FTO.
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Nutritional neuroscience · May 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialEnhanced neural activation with blueberry supplementation in mild cognitive impairment.
Preclinical studies have shown that blueberry supplementation can improve cognitive performance and neural function in aged animals and have identified associations between anthocyanins and such benefits. Preliminary human trials also suggest cognitive improvement in older adults, although direct evidence of enhancement of brain function has not been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the effect of blueberry supplementation on regional brain activation in older adults at risk for dementia. ⋯ These data demonstrate, for the first time, enhanced neural response during WM challenge in blueberry-treated older adults with cognitive decline and are consistent with prior trials showing neurocognitive benefit with blueberry supplementation in this at-risk population.