Epilepsy & behavior : E&B
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Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · Dec 2011
Case ReportsIctal headache: headache as first ictal symptom in focal epilepsy.
Headache may be associated with seizures as a preictal, ictal, or postictal phenomenon, but it is often neglected because of the dramatic neurological manifestations of the seizure. Headache can also be the sole or predominant clinical manifestation of epileptic seizures, although this is a relatively rare condition. ⋯ Ictal headache is a rare epilepsy symptom that can help to localize ictal EEG discharges. Recently, the term ictal epileptic headache has been proposed in cases in which headache is the sole ictal epileptic manifestation Diagnosis requires the simultaneous onset of headache with EEG-demonstrated ictal discharges.
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Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · Dec 2011
Heart rate variability measures as biomarkers in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: potential and limitations.
Heart rate variability (HRV) metrics provide reliable information about the functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and have been discussed as biomarkers in anxiety and personality disorders. We wanted to explore the potential of various HRV metrics (VLF, LF, HF, SDNN, RMSSD, cardiovagal index, cardiosympathetic index, approximate entropy) as biomarkers in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). HRV parameters were extracted from 3-minute resting single-lead ECGs of 129 subjects (52 with PNES, 42 with refractory epilepsy and 35 age-matched healthy controls). ⋯ Binary logistic regression analyses yielded significant models differentiating between healthy controls and patients with PNES or patients with epilepsy (correctly classifying 86.2 and 93.5% of cases, respectively), but not between patients with PNES and those with epilepsy. Interictal resting parasympathetic activity and sympathetic activity differ between healthy controls and patients with PNES or those with epilepsy. However, resting HRV measures do not differentiate between patients with PNES and those with epilepsy.
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Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · Dec 2011
Living with epilepsy accompanied by cognitive difficulties: young adults' experiences.
Epilepsy can sometimes be followed by memory impairment. This can result from the underlying cause of epilepsy or from recurrent seizures, or can be a side effect of antiepileptic drugs or a symptom of another disease such as depression. The aim of the study described here was to explore the experience of living with epilepsy and subjective cognitive decline. ⋯ Cognitive decline has a heavy impact on young adults with intractable epilepsy. In contrast to seizures, the cognitive decline is persistent. The themes reflected different hardships faced by the participants. The consequences of living with epilepsy and cognitive impairment concerned education, employment, social life, self-esteem, and hope for the future. The participants were already using strategies to cope with their cognitive decline, but may benefit from help in developing new strategies to better adjust to their memory problems. Development of more educational programs for both people with epilepsy and their relatives could improve their difficult situations. With help, people can learn to adjust their goals in life and live a fulfilling life despite the disease.
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Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · Dec 2011
Quantitative EEG analysis for automated detection of nonconvulsive seizures in intensive care units.
Because of increased awareness of the high prevalence of nonconvulsive seizures in critically ill patients, use of continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring is rapidly increasing in ICUs. However, cEEG monitoring is labor intensive, and manual review and interpretation of the EEG are impractical in most ICUs. Effective methods to assist in rapid and accurate detection of nonconvulsive seizures would greatly reduce the cost of cEEG monitoring and enhance the quality of patient care. ⋯ These findings suggest that the novel algorithm has potential to be the basis of clinically useful software that can assist ICU staff in timely identification of nonconvulsive seizures. This study also suggests that currently available seizure detection software does not perform sufficiently in detection of nonconvulsive seizures in critically ill patients. This article is part of a Supplemental Special Issue entitled The Future of Automated Seizure Detection and Prediction.