Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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This study systematically reviewed the evidence regarding the effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for treating chronic pain. ⋯ Although the results of our study suggest that EMDR may be a safe and promising treatment option in chronic pain conditions, the small number of high-quality studies leads to insufficient evidence for definite treatment recommendations.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A randomized, rater-blinded, crossover study of the effects of oxymorphone extended release, fed versus fasting, on cognitive performance as tested with CANTAB in opioid-tolerant subjects.
The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) of oxymorphone extended release (ER) 20 mg and 40 mg is approximately 50% higher in fed than in fasted subjects, with most of the difference in area-under-the-curve (AUC) occurring in the first 4 hours post-dose. Hence, the US FDA recommends in the approved labeling that oxymorphone ER is taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating. ⋯ Oxymorphone 40 mg ER affected cognitive performance similarly within 3 hours post-dose, whether given on an empty stomach or after a high-fat meal, suggesting that the effect of food on plasma concentration may not be relevant in the medication's impact on cognition.
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Review Case Reports
Regional anesthesia does not consistently block ischemic pain: two further cases and a review of the literature.
Ischemic pain is complex and poorly understood. There is controversy regarding whether or not regional anesthetic techniques block ischemic pain. We present two further cases where regional anesthesia did not block ischemic pain despite adequate motor and sensory block. ⋯ The two cases support the growing body of evidence that ischemic pain is largely unaffected by regional anesthesia, even with adequate sensory and motor block. The prevailing understanding regarding peripheral nerve blocks in patients in danger of developing compartment syndrome should be reconsidered.