São Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina
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Low bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) have been identified in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and adolescents. The direct adverse effects of HIV infection and combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) negatively contribute to bone metabolism. A direct relationship between muscle strength levels and BMD in HIV-infected adults and older adults has been described. However, it is unknown whether handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with bone mass in pediatric populations diagnosed with HIV. ⋯ HGS was directly associated with BMD and BMC in HIV-infected children and adolescents.
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Critical diseases usually cause hypercortisolemia via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. ⋯ Very high cortisol levels are associated with severe illness and increased risk of death, among COVID-19 patients in the ICU.
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Dry mouth syndrome or xerostomia is defined as decreased salivary flow or hypofunction of salivary glands. Its origins are multicausal and might be the result of a change in the salivary glands or a systemic imbalance. ⋯ Elderly people with diabetes and chronic diseases who were using continuous medication were more likely to have dry mouth. Use of continuous medications for the gastrointestinal tract led to a greater chance of having self-reported xerostomia.