The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society
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Prescription monitoring programs (PMPs) house and monitor data about the prescribing practices of health care providers, as well as medications received by patients. PMPs aim to promote the appropriate use of prescription opioids by providing this information to prescribers and dispensers. Our objective in this systematic review was to comprehensively identify and assess the available evidence about the impact of PMPs on opioid prescribing and dispensing, multiple provider use for obtaining opioids, inappropriate opioid prescribing, and the extent of nonmedical prescription opioid use. ⋯ Future studies should broaden their geographic scope to other countries and use more recent data with standard measurement. PERSPECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of PMPs in changing prescribing practices and prescription opioid use. The findings from this review will inform policymakers and PMP administrators about the current state of the evidence on program effectiveness.
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Our preliminary experiment indicated the activation of with-nolysine kinases 1 (WNK1) in bone cancer pain (BCP) rats. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms via which WNK1 contributed to BCP. A rat model of BCP was induced by Walker-256 tumor cell implantation. ⋯ PERSPECTIVE: Our findings demonstrated that the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1 signaling contributed to BCP in rats via regulating NKCC1 and KCC2. Suppressing this pathway reduced pain behaviors. Based on these findings, the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1 signaling may be a potential target for BCP therapy.
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Review Meta Analysis
PAIN-RELATED FEAR, PAIN INTENSITY AND FUNCTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.
Pain-related fear is considered a strong psychological predictor for both chronic pain and disability. The aims of this study were to systematically review and critically appraise the concurrent association and the predictive value of pain-related fear affecting both pain intensity and disability in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSK). PubMed, AMED, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubPsych, and the grey literature were searched from inception to January 2019. ⋯ Nevertheless, the overall quality and strength of the evidence was very low in terms of risk of bias, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias. Thus, the findings should be taken with caution, and further research is needed. PROSPERO: CRD42018082018.
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Placebo analgesia is a robust phenomenon readily observed in both experimental and clinical settings. While researchers have begun to unpack its psychobiological mechanisms, important questions remain regarding how we can capitalize on the placebo effect to improve clinical pain outcomes. The current study tested whether providing individuals with instrumental control-that is, control over if and when they administer a treatment-is capable of enhancing placebo analgesia. ⋯ PERSPECTIVE: Placebo research typically involves passive designs where individuals have no control over treatment administration. We present novel data demonstrating that providing control over treatment administration substantially enhances both the magnitude and duration of placebo analgesia. As such, where possible, providing control may improve clinical pain outcomes via the placebo effect.