The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society
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Clinical Trial
Cortico-brainstem mechanisms of biased perceptual decision-making in the context of pain.
Prior expectations can bias how we perceive pain. Using a drift diffusion model, we recently showed that this influence is primarily based on changes in perceptual decision-making (indexed as shift in starting point). Only during unexpected application of high-intensity noxious stimuli, altered information processing (indexed as increase in drift rate) explained the expectancy effect on pain processing. ⋯ Our findings suggest involvement of the PAG in both decision-making bias and altered information processing to implement expectancy effects on pain. PERSPECTIVE: Modulation of pain through expectations has been linked to changes in perceptual decision-making and altered processing of afferent information. Our results suggest involvement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and periaqueductal gray in these processes.
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Patient education is essential to enable rehabilitation and self-management of longstanding knee pain in adolescents. Currently, a lack of insights into the socio-cognitive processes governing adolescents' self-management remains an obstacle for enhancing treatment efficacy. This study developed a conceptual model for integrating adolescents' challenges and barriers into future treatments. ⋯ We hypothesize future interventions may benefit from exploring supporting adolescents' inquiries into their knee pain at different stages of the trajectory. PERSPECTIVE: This study presents a conceptual model and vocabulary for optimizing patient education concepts, to target the challenges, barriers and needs of adolescents with knee pain at different stages of their mastery journey. We believe our findings may inform reflections among clinicians and researchers, and development of more effective education interventions.
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Review Meta Analysis
Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with non-specific chronic low back pain in community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is common among older adults. This systematic review aimed to summarize: (1) the prevalence and incidence of CLBP in older adults, and (2) demographic, psychological, and clinical factors positively/negatively associated with prevalence/incidence of CLBP among older adults. Four databases were searched to identify relevant publications. ⋯ Given the aging population and limited information regarding risk factors for CLBP in older adults, future high-quality prospective studies should identify relevant risk factors to help develop proper preventive and treatment strategies. PERSPECTIVE: Despite the high prevalence of non-specific chronic low back pain among older adults, there is only very limited to limited evidence regarding factors associated with a higher prevalence of chronic low back pain in this population. Given the aging population, high-quality prospective studies are warranted to address this gap.
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Review Meta Analysis
Pain science education plus exercise therapy in chronic nonspecific spinal pain: a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials.
Exercise therapy and education are recommended from several guidelines for managing symptoms in chronic nonspecific spinal pain (CNSP) patients. However, no systematic reviews have previously analyzed the effectiveness of pain science education (PSE) plus exercise therapy for managing CNSP related symptoms. Systematic searches were conducted on 10 databases looking for randomized control trials (RCTs) aimed to evaluate the effectiveness on pain, disability, kinesiophobia, and catastrophizing. ⋯ There is low to very-low certainty of the evidence suggesting that PSE plus exercise therapy reduces CNSP related-symptoms. PERSPECTIVE: Based on low-quality data from small samples, PSE plus exercise therapy reduces CNSP related symptoms. The evidence requires further investigation due to the limited number of studies with short follow-up periods (CRD42020168968).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Impact of bifrontal home-based transcranial direct current stimulation in pain catastrophizing and disability due to pain in fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind sham-controlled study.
This randomized, double-blind trial tested the hypothesis that 20 sessions of home-based anodal(a)-transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (2mA for 20 minutes) bifrontal, with anodal on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC) would be better than sham-(s)-tDCS to reduce scores on Pain Catastrophizing Scale and disability-related to pain assessed by the Profile of Chronic Pain: Screen (primary outcomes). Secondary outcomes were depressive symptoms, sleep quality, heat pain threshold , heat pain tolerance , and serum brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF). Forty-eight women with fibromyalgia, 30 to 65 years-old were randomized into 2:1 groups [a-tDCS (n = 32) or s-tDCS (n = 16)]. ⋯ In contrast, the a-tDCS impact on reducing the disability-related to pain at the treatment end was positively associated with a reduction in the serum BDNF and improvement of depressive symptoms, sleep quality and pain catastrophizing symptoms. PERSPECTIVE: Home-based bifrontal tDCS with a-tDCS on the l-DLPFC are associated with a moderate effect size (ES) in the following outcomes: 1) Decreased rumination and magnification of pain catastrophizing. 2) Improved the disability for daily activities due to fibromyalgia symptoms. Overall, these findings support the feasibility of self-applied home-based tDCS on DLPFC to improve fibromyalgia symptoms.