The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society
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Previous studies have reported that L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL), but not L5 spinal nerve transection (SNT), enhances anoctamin-1 in injured and uninjured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of rats suggesting some differences in function of the type of nerve injury. The role of bestrophin-1 in these conditions is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of bestrophin-1 in rats subjected to L5 SNT and L5/L6 SNL. ⋯ Bestrophin-1 overexpression induces allodynia. CaCCinh-A01 reduces allodynia and restores bestrophin-1 expression. Our data suggest bestrophin-1 is differentially regulated depending on the neuropathic pain model.
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Chronotype, a phenotype representing a person's 24-hour circadian rhythm, has been increasingly acknowledged as playing a role in musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. Most prior research on chronotype and MSK pain have been based on cross-sectional data, and no study has explored multisite MSK pain (2 or more pain locations) as the outcome. We drew the study sample from the 31- and 46-year data collections (baseline and follow-up, respectively) of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 and collected self-reported data on chronotype at follow-up (morning [M]-type, intermediate [I]-type, and evening [E]-type) and longitudinal multisite MSK pain trajectories (n = 3,294). ⋯ Chronotype should be recognized as a predictor of multisite pain and thus taken into account in the evaluation of a patient's risk for multisite pain. PERSPECTIVE: This longitudinal study shows that evening types, compared to morning types, have higher odds of experiencing multisite MSK pain between ages 31 and 46 years. Chronotype should be considered while evaluating MSK patient's risk for persistent multisite pain symptoms.
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Microstructural alterations have been reported in patients with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS). However, it isn't clear whether these alterations are reproducible within 6 months or whether long-term symptom improvement is associated with specific microstructural changes. Using data from the MAPP-II Research Network, the current study performed population-based voxel-wise DTI and probabilistic tractography in a large sample of participants from the multicenter cohort with UCPPS (N = 364) and healthy controls (HCs, N = 61) over 36 months. ⋯ Together, results suggest changes in white matter microstructure may play a role in the persistent pain symptoms in UCPPS. PERSPECTIVE: This longitudinal study identified reproducible, "disease-associated" patterns in altered mean diffusivity and abnormal microstructural connectivity in UCPPS comparing to HCs over 6 months. These differences were found in regions involved in sensory processing and integration and pain modulation, making it potentially amenable for clinical interventions that target synaptic and/or neuronal reorganization.
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Depression, a prognostic factor for prescription opioid misuse commonly occurs in people with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). However, the mechanisms linking depression and prescription opioid misuse remain unclear. This study examined the potential mediating role of pain catastrophizing in the association between depressive symptoms and prescription opioid misuse risk, and impulsivity traits as possible moderators of these relationships. ⋯ Treatments targeting these mechanisms may reduce opioid misuse risk. PERSPECTIVE: This article identifies reward drive as a potentially important factor increasing the effects of depression-related cognitive mechanisms on risk of prescription opioid misuse in those with CNCP. These findings could assist in personalizing clinical CNCP management to reduce the risks associated with opioid misuse.
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Racism-based discrimination in healthcare settings has been associated with clinical pain in adults living with sickle cell disease; however, no studies have examined depressive and insomnia symptoms as mechanisms that may drive this relationship. This secondary data analysis examined associations between depressive and insomnia symptoms, racism-based discrimination, and clinical pain. Seventy-one adults with sickle cell disease (70% female, Mage = 38.79) provided baseline reports of racism-based discrimination, depressive symptoms, insomnia symptoms, and pain (severity, interference, catastrophizing), and they completed daily diaries of pain severity and interference over 3 months. ⋯ Findings support the need for systemic and structural changes to eliminate discrimination in healthcare settings and behavioral mood and sleep interventions to reduce the impact of discrimination on clinical pain. PERSPECTIVE: The relationship between discrimination in healthcare settings and pain in adults with sickle cell disease may be driven by depression and sleep disturbance, modifiable risk factors and potential treatment targets. Results suggest that systemic, structural, and institutional changes must be implemented to promote better patient care and health outcomes.