Sleep medicine
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Studies have shown that cigarette smoking is associated with sleep disorders in the general population. But studies examining the association between smokeless tobacco use, second-hand smoke exposure and insufficient rest/sleep are limited. ⋯ In a multiethnic sample of US adults, compared to non-smokers/non-smokeless tobacco users, those who were both current smokers and current smokeless tobacco users had twice the odds of insufficient sleep. Second-hand smoke exposure was associated with insufficient rest/sleep among non-smokers.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized trial of pramipexole for patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and RLS-related impairment of mood.
Patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) have an elevated prevalence of mood disorders compared with the general population. We investigated the change of RLS-related mood impairment during treatment of RLS with pramipexole, a dopamine D(3)/D(2) agonist. ⋯ In patients with RLS-related mood disturbance, pramipexole improved RLS while also improving RLS-related mood impairment. Tolerability of pramipexole was similar to that in previous studies.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of acute dopamine-agonist treatment in restless legs syndrome on heart rate variability during sleep.
To compare heart rate variability (HRV) changes in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and in healthy subjects, and to evaluate HRV before and after treatment with pramipexole in RLS patients. ⋯ The repetitive abnormal autonomic response to PLMS might play a role in the increased cardiovascular risk proposed for RLS patients. Pramipexole reduced the number of PLMS and the amplitude of the autonomic response to residual PLMS, without effects on the tonic sympathovagal regulation. D3 receptors in the sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons of the spinal intermediolateral columns might be a target of pramipexole. The normalization of the HR response could be relevant in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and associated autonomic dysfunctions in patients with RLS.
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Regulation of glucose concentration depends on sleep stages with interstitial glucose concentration (IGC) declining in REM vs. stable IGC in NREM sleep. Apneas and hypopneas constituting sleep disordered breathing (SDB) are implicated in impaired glucose metabolism. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate whether SDB can influence IGC in REM and NREM sleep. ⋯ Occurrence of SDB in REM reversed the decline of IGC, while in NREM sleep SDB had no effect on IGC. SDB may affect neuro-endocrine regulations in REM sleep.
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To evaluate the clinical and biological effects of chronic pramipexole (PPX) therapy in a proposed animal model of restless legs syndrome (RLS). ⋯ Pramipexole produced long-term improvement of the RLS-like symptoms in our proposed animal model, caused a partial recovery of spinal iron deficiency, and modestly increased D1 receptor affinity.