Sleep medicine
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Comparative Study
Gender differences in brain regional homogeneity of healthy subjects after normal sleep and after sleep deprivation: a resting-state fMRI study.
To explore the gender differences of brain regional homogeneity (ReHo) in healthy subjects during the resting-state, after normal sleep, and after sleep deprivation (SD) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the ReHo method. ⋯ The differences of brain activity in the resting state can be widely found not only between the control and SD group in a same gender group, but also between the male group and female group. Thus, we should take the gender differences into consideration in future fMRI studies, especially the treatment of brain-related diseases (e.g., depression).
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Overnight increases in neck circumference - attributed to rostral fluid displacement - correlate with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). No studies were found investigating the relationship between OSA severity and recumbence-related immediate changes in neck circumference. We evaluated the relationship of OSA severity with immediate recumbence-related and overnight changes in neck circumference in obese and nonobese subjects. ⋯ Correlation of AHI with the immediate increase in neck circumference on assuming recumbence indicates that fast components of tissue displacement, besides overnight fluid displacement, may have implications in the pathogenesis of OSA.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
The efficacy of three different mask styles on a PAP titration night.
This study compared the efficacy of three different masks, nasal pillows, nasal masks and full face (oronasal) masks, during a single night of titration with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). ⋯ CPAP applied with either nasal mask was effective in treating mild, moderate, and severe sleep apnea. The oronasal mask required significantly higher pressures in subjects with moderate to severe disease. Therefore, when changing from a nasal to an oronasal mask, a repeat titration is required to ensure effective treatment of sleep apnea, especially in patients with moderate to severe disease.
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The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a widely used measure of subjective sleep disturbance in clinical populations, including individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although the severity of sleep disturbance is generally represented by a global symptom score, recent factor analytic studies suggest that the PSQI is better characterized by a two- or three-factor model than a one-factor model. This study examined the replicability of two- and three-factor models of the PSQI, as well as the relationship between PSQI factors and health outcomes, in a female sample with PTSD. ⋯ These results support the multidimensional structure of the PSQI. Despite this, the global PSQI score has as much or more explanatory power as individual PSQI factors in predicting health outcomes.