Paediatric respiratory reviews
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The increase in allergic airways disease has been linked to modern urbanization and lifestyle. Recent evidence suggests that the associated reduction in microbial exposure, reduction in dietary fibre intake and increased antibiotic use may cause early dysbiosis in infancy, which predisposes to immune dysregulation and allergic airways disease later in life. This implies that there may be a window of opportunity for primary prevention strategies aimed to protect or restore the microbiome early in life and thereby decrease the risk of developing allergic airways disease. Alternatively, strategies that correct dysbiosis may aid in the treatment of established allergic airways disease.
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Paediatr Respir Rev · Jun 2016
ReviewPathomechanisms of Congenital Cystic Lung Diseases: Focus on Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation and Pleuropulmonary Blastoma.
It is well established that a number of birth defects are associated with improper formation of the respiratory tract. Important progress has been made in the identification of components of the regulatory networks controlling lung morphogenesis. ⋯ Congenital cystic lung diseases consist of a heterogeneous group of rare lung diseases mainly detected prenatally and characterized by airway dilatation. Despite their apparent phenotypic heterogeneity, these malformations are proposed to be related to a common malformation sequence occurring during lung branching morphogenesis.