Clinical calcium
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Hyperphosphatemia is a serious complication which has been linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Lanthanum carbonate is a novel non-calcium, non-aluminum phosphate-binding agent, and has approved for clinical use in patients on hemodialysis in Japan on March in 2009. ⋯ There is no evidence of bone toxicity and neurotoxicity of lanthanum carbonate previously reported for aluminium hydroxide. However, further studies are needed to address the longer term toxic effect on bone and other organs.