Journal of psychiatric practice
-
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a newly described form of encephalitis associated with prominent psychiatric symptoms at onset. Recognition of the symptom complex is the key to diagnosis. Most patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis develop a multistage illness that progresses from initial psychiatric symptoms to memory disturbance, seizures, dyskinesia, and catatonia. ⋯ The disorder is particularly relevant to psychiatrists, because most patients are initially seen by psychiatric services. Psychiatrists should consider anti-NMDAR encephalitis in patients presenting with psychosis as well as dyskinesia, seizures, and/or catatonia, especially if there is no history of a psychiatric disorder. We present the case of a 37-year-old woman who demonstrated many of the key clinical features of this potentially treatable disorder.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy and safety of desvenlafaxine 25 and 50▒mg/day in a randomized, placebo-controlled study of depressed outpatients.
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose desvenlafaxine (administered as desvenlafaxine succinate) in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). ⋯ Consistent with other clinical studies, desvenlafaxine 50▒mg/day demonstrated antidepressant efficacy and appears to be the minimally effective dosage for MDD. ClinicalTrials study identifier NCT00798707.
-
Case Reports
Long-term and bizarre self-injurious behavior: an approach to underlying psychological mechanisms and management.
Repeated self-harm usually presents with associated psychopathology, mostly in the form of obsessive-compulsive disorder, malingering, or personality disorders, and may persist for many years. This case presentation focuses on self-harm involving the deliberate ingestion of foreign bodies. This behavior remains poorly understood, and the relevant literature focuses almost entirely on gastroenterological and surgical management, with little or no discussion of underlying psychological mechanisms, psychopathology, or psychotherapeutic intervention. ⋯ The nosological status and possible functions of this behavior are discussed, as are the difficulties of caring for patients with such long-standing, repeated selfinjury. This case illustrates how the boundaries between different self-injurious behaviors are blurred and also how different self-injurious behaviors are likely to share common patterns, functional integrity, and meanings. It should also serve to remind us how far we have to go in terms of understanding, classifying, and successfully treating certain patients who present with longterm and bizarre self-injurious behavior.
-
Delirious mania is a severe but under-recognized neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by the rapid onset of delirium, mania, and psychosis, not associated with a prior toxicity, physical illness, or mental disorder. Catatonia is often a prominent feature of the syndrome. ⋯ This article reviews the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of delirious mania and includes a detailed case report. Delirious mania is robustly responsive to high-dose lorazepam or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT); thus, early recognition and definitive treatment can be life-saving.