Frontiers in oncology
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Frontiers in oncology · Jan 2019
Case ReportsVitiligo Adverse Event Observed in a Patient With Durable Complete Response After Nivolumab for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Background: Renal cell carcinoma is the third most prevalent urological cancer worldwide and about 30% of patients present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Systemic treatments for metastatic renal cell carcinoma have improved recently. Vascular endothelial growth factor targeting therapies were the previous standard of care. ⋯ Conclusions: Pathological complete response with nivolumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma is rare. This case further highlights the potentially predictive role of immune-related adverse events during nivolumab therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma and raises questions concerning the role of nephrectomy after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Further studies are needed to better identify predictive factors for treatment response to immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and to better understand the role of nephrectomy after nivolumab treatment.
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Frontiers in oncology · Jan 2019
Publication Landscape Analysis on Gliomas: How Much Has Been Done in the Past 25 Years?
Introduction: The body of glioma-related literature has grown significantly over the past 25 years. Despite this growth in the amount of published research, gliomas remain one of the most intransigent cancers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the landscape of glioma-related research over the past 25 years using machine learning and text analysis. ⋯ The current research landscape covers clinical, pre-clinical, biological, and technical aspects of glioblastoma; at present, researchers appear to be less concerned with glioblastoma's psychological effects or patients' end-of-life care. Conclusion: Publication of glioma-related research has expanded rapidly over the past 25 years. Common topics include the disease's molecular background, patients' survival, and treatment outcomes; more research needs to be done on the psychological aspects of glioblastoma and end-of-life care.
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Frontiers in oncology · Jan 2019
Observational Studies on the Association Between Post-diagnostic Metformin Use and Survival in Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Objectives: To summarize and quantify the relationship between post-diagnostic metformin use and ovarian cancer (OC) survival. Methods: We systematically conducted an updated meta-analysis based on observational studies published up to December 31, 2018, identified from PubMed and Web of Science. Two team members independently extracted data and assessed the quality of each study. ⋯ No significant publication bias was detected in these analyses. Conclusions: Post-diagnostic metformin use is consistently associated with better survival of OC patients regardless of diabetes status. Studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are required to confirm these findings and obtain detailed information, including standardized references for comparison, intensity and dose of metformin use, and further adjustment for potential confounders.
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Frontiers in oncology · Jan 2019
Diagnostic Accuracy of Multi-Parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Tumor Staging of Bladder Cancer: Meta-Analysis.
Purpose: Evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) for local staging of bladder cancer (BCa). Materials and Methods: The databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI were searched for related literatures about BCa diagnosed by mp-MRI from January 1, 2000 to April 12, 2019. The strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were set up to extract records. ⋯ The Begg's test (p = 0.497) and the egger's test (p = 0.337) found no publication bias. Conclusion: mp-MRI acts a good diagnostic performance for bladder cancer. It is plausible that mpMRIs can be used as an important method for bladder cancer staging.
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Frontiers in oncology · Jan 2019
The Predictive Value of Tumor Mutation Burden on Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Background: Despite an increasing understanding about tumor mutation burden (TMB) in cancer immunity and cancer immunotherapy, the comprehensive cognition between TMB and efficiency of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is still lacking. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the predictive value of TMB on efficacy of ICIs. Methods: Systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library up to June 16, 2019. ⋯ Furthermore, TMB and PD-L1 expression were capable to predict improved ORR of ICIs after stratification of each other, with tiny heterogeneity. Conclusions: High tumor mutation burden predicted improved efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancers, and targeted next generation sequencing for estimating tumor mutation burden in clinic should be standardized to eliminate heterogeneity in the future. Moreover, tumor mutation burden and programmed cell death ligand 1 expression were independent factors on predicting efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.