The journal of headache and pain
-
The impact of headache disorders is a problem of enormous proportions, both for individual and society. The medical literature tried to assess its effects on individuals, by examining prevalence, distribution, attack frequency and duration, and headache-related disability, as well as effects on society, looking at the socio-economic burden of headache disorders [Rasmussen (Cephalalgia 19:20-23, 1999)]; [Lanteri-Minet et al. (Pain 102:143-149, 2003)]. The issue of costs represents an important problem too, concerning both direct and indirect costs. ⋯ This study will explain the notion of cost of illness, examining how it could be applied in such a framework. Then, an overview of the studies aimed at measuring direct and indirect costs of migraine and headache disorders will be carried out, later shifting on to the relationship between costs and quality of life for people affected by headache disorders. Finally, a brief review on advantages of new pharmaceuticals and preventive treatments for migraine for patients and society will outline improvements in the context of cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis.
-
Agents including the effect on sodium channel are restricted in patients with Brugada electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern or Brugada syndrome. On the other hand, many therapeutic agents for cluster headache (CH) block sodium channel. After recommended therapies without sodium channel blocking effect were failed in a 40-year-old male with CH whose ECG shows Brugada ECG pattern, clonazepam and codein phosphate, which are exceptional treatments for CH, were effective for severe unilateral orbital pain.
-
Letter Case Reports
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: headache as an initial manifestation.